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기업가정신 교육이 창업의도에 미치는 영향: 성별 차이를 중심으로

The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intentions: Gender Differences

임이숙
기업가정신학회 (Academy of Entrepreneurship)|2023.09|기업가정신연구 (Journal of Entrepreneurship Studies)|제4권 제2호|pp. 51-67|DOI https://doi.org/10.22815/JES.2023.4.2.51

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키워드

창업의도기업가정신교육Entrepreneurship education여성기업가정신Entrepreneurail intentionWomen’s entrepreneurship

초록

기업가정신이 경제와 사회의 성장과 발전에 미치는 영향이 중요해지면서, 기업가정신 교육에 대한필요성이 대두되고 있다. 또한 전 세계적으로 지속가능한 경제성장에 대한 필요와 혁신 및 고용다양성 측면에서 여성의 기업가정신을 제고할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하는 노력들이 커지고있다. 이에 본 연구는 재)한국청년기업가정신재단의 2022년도 기업가정신실태조사 개인편 자료를이용하여, 우리나라의 맥락에서 기업가정신 교육이 여성의 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 검증하고, 이 효과를 남성과 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 기업가정신 교육은 창업의도에 유의미한 긍정적인영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 여성일수록 창업의도를 가질 확률이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 기업가정신 교육에 있어 성별 조절효과를 분석한 결과, 남녀 사이에는 두드러지는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 여성과 남성을 나누어 분할그룹 회귀분석을 한 결과, 기업가정신 교육과 여성의 창업의도와의관계에서 인적 네트워크와 창업경험의 조절효과가 유의미하게 나타났다. 남성의 경우 기업가정신교육의 주효과는 유의미하게 나타났으나, 인적 네트워크와 창업경험의 조절 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 향후 우리나라의 여성 기업가정신 교육의 방향이 다양하게 구성될 필요를 시사한다. 학습적인 프로그램뿐만 아니라 인적 네트워크와 직, 간접 창업 경험을 얻을 수 있는 프로그램을마련하는 등 기업가정신 교육을 확산하고 그 효과를 제고할 수 있는 노력이 필요할 것이다.

Abstract

By using data from the Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation's 2022 Entrepreneurship Survey, this study examines the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions by focusing on the gender differences. The results show that entrepreneurship education has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. When analyzing the moderating effect of gender, there is no significant difference between men and women in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. When analyzing only the female sample, entrepreneurship education has a significant positive effect on women's entrepreneurial intentions, and the moderating effects of network and entrepreneurial experience are significant in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and women's entrepreneurial intentions. In the case of men, the main effect of entrepreneurship education was significant, but the moderating effects of network and entrepreneurial experience were not significant. These results suggest that women's entrepreneurship education needs to be diversified. Implications for policy makers were discussed, and areas for future research outlined.

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