고대 화랑의 원형적 모습에 대한 탐구 — 영성과 감성의 화랑 문화를 중심으로 —

Abstract

The concept of 'Hwarang (disciplined adolescents)' is closely related to the origin of Korean thought. In the history of modern Korean thought, 'Hwarang' was talked about as a concept derived from the discourse of 'Pungryu' and 'Dangun'. Especially from the Imperial Japan's colonial period, Hwarang discourse emphasized the military aspect, and after liberation, it was used as an ideology and tool of nationalism. This study seeks to reproduce the archetypal appearance of Hwarang along with criticism on the discourse of 'Hwarang' in the early-modern and modern times. To this end, Hwarang's spirit was categorized into rationality (理性)-spirituality (靈性)-sensibility (感性). Rationality is the moral spirit (道義) of Hwarang, and spirituality refers to Hwarang's ritual role and religiosity. And sensibility is an artistic activity that Hwarangs enjoyed together. Among them, centering on sensibility and spirituality, the Hwarang culture was discussed. In Hwarang's pilgrimage, the activities of music, song, and dance do not mean play, but communication with the mystical power, that is, spirituality. Spirituality is expressed in the form of art and internalized through Hwarang's sensibility. As such, spirituality and sensibility reflect the archetypal appearance of Hwarang at the time, and this study explored it focusing on Hyangga created by Hwarang. The spirituality of Hwarang was examined through Hyangga, which is shamanistic and contains the content of origin, and the sensibility was examined centering on Hyangga, the subject of death. Death is the material of human's primal and fundamental fear and sorrow. Hyangga, which sublimated this sadness by quenching it, contained the limits Hwarang felt as a human being and his will to overcome them. In this way, the spirituality and sensibility of Hwarang appearing in the works show the life and thoughts of the Silla people. Furthermore, their spirituality and sensibility can be separated or become one. In this way, the archetypal appearance of Hwarang can be explored at the point where sensibility and spirituality are harmonized.