방동수(方東樹)의 『한학상태(漢學商兌)』에 내재한 통경치용(通經致用) 사상

Abstract

Fang Dongshu (方東樹, 1772∼1851) was a literary figure and thinker of Dongcheng School in the Late Qing Dynasty. He took the lead in preserving the Chengzhu School and their teachings. He led the confrontation against the Qianjia School in the Han-Song Dispute, and he is the author of Discussion of Chinese Classic School’s Problem (漢學商兌), which can be said to be the masterpiece of the Tongcheng School. Discussion of Chinese Classic School’s Problem is a philosophical book of re-criticism that criticizes Chinese studies in reverse while defending the negative effect of Songxie, which were criticized by scholars of Neo-Chinese Classics(Hanxie). First, there is a criticism that Songlu has a problem of disregarding phrases and exegesises and discussing the scriptures with empty words. Second, there are criticisms that Songlu neglects the authenticity of Confucian scriptures. Third, there is a criticism that it is difficult to escape from a suspicion of Buddhist. In response to this, Fang Dongshu set up the concept of Confucian Practicality and laid the groundwork for a counterargument to the issue of Neo-Chinese scholars(Hanxie). According to Fang Dongshu sincerely doing truthful things is truthful adoptation of Confucoan classic to everyday life, and meaning is formed only when seeing reason with the heart or loyalty. Fang Dongshu argued against Gu Yanwu (顧炎武, 1613∼1682), Hui Dong (惠棟, 1697∼1758), Dai Zhen (戴震, 1724∼1777), Qian Daxin (錢大昕, 1728∼1804), Jiao Xun (焦循, 1763∼1763) 1820), and Ruan Yuan (阮元, 1764∼1849), etc., thoroughly refuted the position of Anti-Songxie scholars in the camp of Neo-Chinese classics. Fang Dongshu stood up against Neo-Chinese Classics(Hanxie), which was the trend of the times, with the spirit of guardian toward Chengzhu School and the confucianism that was unchanging for eternity. Fang Dongshu left an outstanding book called Discussion of Chinese Classic School’s Problem to announce the revival of late Qing’s Chengzhu School, but at the same time exposed the limitations of the times called feudal conservatism.