白鳥庫吉와‘滿鮮史學’의 성립

Abstract

Man-Seon Sahak is one way to understand the history of Joseon and Manchuria. Shiratori Kurakichi (白鳥庫吉), was the originator of Oriental history, advocated in 1905. It is devised by the Japanese Imperialism. Manseonsa research was mainly done by politician or diplomats with geographic problems in focus. It was a research to confront China, to rule Manchu and also to correspond with Japan’s intention who was presently ruling (Korea). Shirathori Khurakhichi led the Manseon historic-geographical research center (滿鮮歷史地理調 査室) with Ikheuchi Hiroshi (池內宏), Yanae Wathai (箭內􁓉), and Inaba Ewakhichi (稻葉岩吉). Man-Seon Sa (the history of Manchu and Joseon) was mentioned first by a Japanese scholar, Shiratori Kurakichi, backing the Japanese Imperialism launching towards Manchuria. His perspective on the Asian history changed, in turns, into Man-Mong Sa (the history of Manchu and Mongol), Dong-A Sa (the history of East Asia), and then Dae Dong-A Sa (the history of the Great Asia). The practice of the history which sees the history of Manchu and Joseon altogether starts off with understanding of the Goguryeo dynasty. This dynasty occupied the vast territory from the northern part of Korean peninsula to Manchuria. Moreover, what the Japanese Imperialism made a model out of the dynasty was that it had overcome all the harsh wars against the Chinese dynasties, and that it took the victory agains China. The history of Gojoseon included Gija Joseon and Wiman Joseon by historians during the Imperial Japanese rule. The fact that the capital of Gojoseon was in current Pyeongyang made the history of Gojoseon as a part of the history of Joseon, Shiratori asserted it was Chinese Colony. The history of Balhae is placed as the second dynasty of Manchu following Gogyryeo. The Imperial Japan tried to reveal friendly relations between Balhae and andcient Japan so that it was justified for the Japanese government to “civilize”the “barbaric” Manchu. There are the Kitan Liao (契丹遼), the Jurchen Chin (女眞金), the Monggol (蒙古), Manchu Ching (滿洲淸) on the back of Balhae in Man-Chu Sa, Shiratori Kurakichi appreciated that the Jurchen Chin and Manchu Ching was in succession to Goguryeo and Balhae. He comprehended that the States on Man-Chu Sa were effeminated and declined after coming in contact with Chinese culture. On the other hand, the histories of Baekje, Shilla, and Gaya were acknowledged as parts of the history of Joseon. It was generally accepted that Wae controlled Baekje and Shilla through the Imnailbonbu which Wae instituted after the fourth century. Shilla was given a name of a“ unified Shilla”when it took the whole Korean peninsula after Goguryeo and Baekje had collapsed.