폴란드 유권자의 투표 정당 선택: 2005년 총선 이슈를 중심으로
Voting Choices of the Polish Electorates: Electoral Issues in the 2005 General Election
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이 연구의 목적은 2005년 폴란드 하원(Sejm) 선거에서 투표 정당 선택에 영향을 미친 요인을 탐색하는 데 있다. 특히 민영화, 공산체제 책임청산, 세금정책, EU정책 등 네 이슈들이 유권자의 투표 선택에 미친 영향을 분석하는 데 중점을 두었다. 분석 결과, 높은 연령대의 유권자는 여전히 공산체제하의 집권세력들이 참여한 민주좌파연합에 정당일체감을 갖고 지지를 보냈지만, 주요 이슈들이 정당지지에 영향을 미쳤다. 2005년 총선에서 승리한 법과 정의당에는 공산체제 책임청산에 대한 강한 기준과 일률과세 반대, 그리고 EU보다는 폴란드 주권을 강조하는 입장의 유권자들의 지지가 높았다. 반면, 제2당인 시민연단에는 민영화와 일률과세에 찬성하고, EU에 대한 협조적 태도에 수용적이면서 공산체제 책임청산을 요구하는 유권자들이 투표하였다. 이는 민주화 이후 주요 사회균열이었던 공산주의-반공산주의와 세속주의-교권주의로부터의 이탈과 변화를 의미한다. 그 결과 폴란드의 정당경쟁은 민주좌파연합과 솔리대리티 계열 정당들 간의 경쟁에서 솔리대리티 계열 두 정당 간의 경쟁으로 재편되었다.
Abstract
This study explores factors which affect the voting choices in the 2005 general election of Poland. Especially, it focuses on the effects of four issues; privatization, clearing accounts with past, tax policy, and EU policy. These main issues made effects on the voting choices while the older electorates still identified and voted for Democratic Left Alliance(SLD). Law and Justice(PiS) which won the 2005 general election was supported from the electorates who had the higher standard to clear accounts with communist past, opposed the flat tax policy, and emphasized the sovereignty of Poland rather than concertation with EU. On the contrary, the second winner, Citizens’ Platform(PO) got the voting of electorates who supported privatization, flat tax policies, and concertation with EU. It shows the change of Polish social cleavage which had been composed of ‘communist-anti-communist’ and ‘secularism-clericalism’. As a result, closed party competition moved from among Democratic Left Alliance vs. Solidarity parties to between Law and Justice and Citizens’ Platform of Solidarity parties.
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