唐 高宗代 對外 政策의 性格과 意味 -唐使 派遣을 중심으로-

Abstract

Tang acquired the largest territory during the reign of Kao-tsung. In this period, the dispatch of Tang’s envoys became concentrated on Western Turkic Khaganate and Ancient Tibet, but the number of dispatching them was too few. The task and object of Tang's envoys were different from country to country, and Tang aimed to conquer and swayed the Western Turkic Khaganate in early Tang. But Tang accepted demands of the strong Ancient Tibet and entered into friendly relations with it, and almost broke off diplomatic relations with Shilla. This is a result that Tang under Kao-tsung's reign gave little weight to the diplomacy through envoys and pushed ahead the foreign policy of conquest and control. The foreign relations of Tang started to be changed rapidly around 670. Western Turkic Khaganate and Ancient Tibet united against the Tang, and Shilla broke the link with the Tang and rejected the control of Tang. Ancient Tibet in northern, too, began to resist strenuously it. Already at the end of Kao-tsung's reign, Jimi local administration system reached the limit to the foreign policy. In other words, the military power of Tang was inadequate to be capable of Jimi local administration largely expanded. In this, Tang dispatched punitive forces and actively coped with the situation. Its friendly relations with Ancient Tibet resulted not from the change of its foreign policy in a large sense, but from military attacks of Ancient Tibet on Tang. Tang fundamentally adhered to previous foreign policy in spite of the rapidly changing international circumstances. We can find the fact that Tang would subjugate the Shilla in 678 and Ancient Tibet in 679 under the leadership of Emperor Kao-tsung. The diplomacy in one of contemporary sense that presupposes the equal and independent foreign policy didn't exist in many chinese dynasties as well as Tang. Barbarians who weren't directly ruled by the Chinese emperor, a son of Heaven were the subject that would become domesticated by the son's virtue, and the figure that should receive the investiture and pay the tribute to China. We can find that diplomacy based on the Sinic ideology, which contained the control of the world by means of the investiture of foreign kings by the Chinese emperor, had weakened, on the contrary, during the reign of Kao-tsung who had established the Chinese control system to the wide area of Barbarians.