무연고자의 연명의료중단결정에 대한 문제와 윤리위원회의 과제
Problems with the Decision to end Life of Unrepresented Persons and the Tasks of the Ethics Committee
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'호스피스·완화의료 및 임종과정에 있는 환자의 연명의료 결정에 관한 법률'(이하 연명의료결정법으로 한다)에서 심폐소생술금지(Do Not Resuscitation: DNR, 이하 DNR로 표기)의 무용론과 DNR의 효력을 인정하지 않음으로써 초래된 무연고자의 경우 연명의료의 보류(유보)에 대한 정당화근거는 입법적 불비라고 할 수 있다. 가족이 없는 환자(무연고자 등)의 경우 환자 가족에 의한 의사추정이나 대리결정 자체가 불가능하고, 더 나아가 가족의 존재여부가 확인되지 않는 환자 또는 장기간 가족과 연락이 되지 않는 환자의 경우에는 연명의료 관련 의사결정을 기대하기 어려워 제도적 사각지대로 볼 수 있기 때문이다. 이러한 문제에 대해서 우리나라의 연명의료법제의 현황과 각국의 입법례를 살펴보고 있으며, 무연고자의 연명의료중단과 관련하여 대리결정의 부적절성과 이러한 대리인이 없는 취약계층에 대한 윤리위원회의 역할과 검토방향을 제시함으로써 앞으로 의료기관윤리위원회(이하 공용윤리위원회를 포함, 윤리위원회로 함)의 역할에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 의료기관에 의해 설립된 윤리위원회만을 중심으로 다루고 있고 이와 관련한 교육, 정책 검토 및 사례 상담에 대한 윤리위원회의 주요 역할과 위원회 구성 및 책임에 대해 살펴보고 있다.
Abstract
In the case of a non-argument resulting from the use of DNR's pragmatics and failure to recognize the validity of the DNR, the justification for the suspension of life expectancy is legitimate. Patients without family members (such as unemployed persons) are unable to make assumptions or substitute decisions by their family members. Furthermore, patients who do not have a family presence or who have not been in contact with their family for a long time This is because it is difficult to expect decision-making and can be viewed as an institutional blind spot. In this aspects I studied the legislative cases of each country on the issue and the role of the Ethics Committee as a solution. This study focuses only on the ethics committees established by medical institutions, and examines the main roles of the ethics committees on the education, policy review and case consultation, and the composition and responsibilities of the committees.
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