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직무만족과 처우불공정 지각이 조직구성원의 이직의도에 미치는 영향:통계조사원의 조직 내 대인관계의 조절효과를 중심으로

Effect of Job Satisfaction and Perceived Inequity on Turnover Intention: Moderated by Inter-relationship

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90년대 이후 비정규직이 급증하며 민간부문 뿐 아니라 공공부문에서도 고용불안정성이 사회문제로 대두되었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 공공부문에서는 무기계약직이라는 새로운 고용형태가 나타났으나, 처음의 기대와 달리 여전히 임금이나 고용불안, 차별 등의 문제가 남아 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 공공부문 무기계약 및 기간제 근로자의 실태를 파악하고, 문제를 해결하기 위한 효과적인 개선방향을 제시하고자 진행되었다. 이를 위해 통계청에 소속되어 있는 무기계약 및 기간제 근로자 322명을 대상으로 설문을 받아 실증분석을 실시하였다. 계획적 행동이론, 공정성이론, 그리고 직업적 스트레스 및 직무배태성 모델을 기반으로 하여 총 4개의 가설을 도출하였다. 독립변수로는 무기계약직 근로자의 직무만족과 처우불공정 지각, 조절변수로 조직 내 긍정적 대인관계, 종속변수로는 이직의도를 사용하였다. 가설 검증의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 무기계약직 근로자가 지각하는 직무만족이 높을수록 이직의도는 낮아졌다. 둘째, 처우불공정 지각이 높을수록 이직의도는 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 직무만족과 이직의도의 관계는 긍정적 대인관계에 의해 조절되었다. 다시 말해, 직무만족도가 이직의도에 미치는 부(-)의 영향은 조직 내 긍정적 대인관계가 높을수록 더욱 강화되었다. 마지막으로, 처우불공정 지각과 이직의도 간에 있어 긍정적 대인관계의 조절효과는 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 공공부문 내 직무의 설계와 복지처우개선 등 구조적 노력과, 긍정적 대인관계 형성 등 조직문화 관리를 통해 무기계약직 근로자의 이직의도를 낮출 수 있음을 보여준다.

Abstract

As the non-regular workers were surging in public sector as well as in private sector since the '90, employment instability has emerged as one of the biggest social problems. Indefinite-term contract is the new form of employment which was expected to solve such problems. However, job insecurity, discrimination in wages and other treatments still remain the same. This study is designed to analyze the current states of indefinite-term contract workers at Statistics Korea(KOSTAT) and to develop suggestions for improvements. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of 322 non-government employees working in local offices of KOSTAT. We developed and tested total 4 hypothesis on the basis of theory of planned behavior, equity theory, occupational stress model and job embededness model. The results of the study were as follows; First, job satisfaction was negatively related to turnover intention. Second, perceived inequity was positively related to turnover intention. Third, the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention was moderated by inter-relationship, such that when a worker had high job satisfaction and good inter-relationship, he or she showed lower turnover intention. Lastly, inter-relationship had no moderation effect on the relationship between perceived inequity and turnover intention. The results show that public sector can try to reduce non-government employees' turnover intention by re-designing job characteristics, enhancing equal treatment, and building on inter-relationship in organizations.

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