금지요구문에 나타나는 화자의 평가와 구문적 특징에 관한 일고찰― 「するな」 「しないで」를 중심으로 ―

Abstract

This study scrutinizes Japanese prohibition expressions, specifically ‘するな’ and ‘しないで’, concentrating on the speaker's evaluation. By examining vital sentence elements, this study categorizes these expressions into three types: preventive, prohibiting potential situations; prohibitive, halting ongoing events; and atypical, encompassing completed situations or those beyond the listener's control. Analysis highlights the speaker's negative evaluation or attitude through syntactic characteristics. This study investigates sentence components such as noun-modifying, adverbial, and predicate components, which together concretize the speaker's prohibition request. Each serves a purpose: noun-modifying components provide detailed content of prohibited actions; adverbial components elucidate the prohibition manner; and predicate components denote the central action of prohibition. The demonstrative expressions of the そ･あ series are commonly used in prohibitive and atypical prohibition requests to refer to completed actions. The appearance of noun-modifying components varies, with speaker's criticism or dissatisfaction often focused on completed actions. Atypical prohibition requests, typically used in specific contexts, inherently convey pragmatic meaning. The study affirms prohibition expressions transcend merely restricting actions, encapsulating and communicating the speaker's evaluative attitude.