핵의 현전과 일본의 전후 민주주의 - ‘현실적 이상주의’의 계보와 정치적 심연

Abstract

This article examines the limits of Sakamoto Yoshikazu’s “realistic idealism” by which he has been to secure postwar democracy in japan and criticized the US Japan Security Treaty regime. Though Japan was occupied and governed by the alliance force guided by US after WWII, US government decided to liberate Japan because of the communists’ threats caused by the Chinese revolution in 1948 and Korean War in 1950. In 1952 so called San Francisco Treaty of Peace with Japan was concluded with another pact for security of Japan, that is, the US Japan Security Treaty by which Japanese national security was taken a burden by US Military Force. Japanese democrats raged against these peace and security treaties because they meant that Japanese government had in mind to join Western side on Cold war. Many critical intellectuals argued that the peace and security treaties could not guarantee the security of Japan, on the contrary they could threat security of citizen’s life and everyday because the treaties could not help but mean that Soviet Union and China were enemies of Japan. So the intellectuals suggested that the only way for guaranteeing security of Japan was the declaration to be permanent neutralized state Japanese government. Yoshikazu Sakamoto, inheriting these kinds of legacy, made a sharp critique to renewal of US Japan Security Treaty in 1960. He argued that the presence of nuclear weapon had made the war unuseful means for national interest and security because the nuclear war must be ended by total collapse of international world and the earth itself. Under this condition, national security should be guaranteed not by reckoning and foreseeing other state’s interest and behavior, but by democratic movement by citizens which controlled over government’s behavior. When he suggest an alternative way for national security, he believed that citizen’s enlightened reason could control and manage science and technology. However, the nuclear incident of Fukushima March 11 has changed all of conditions related with control of human reason over science and technology because the incident has proved that human reason could never control and manage science and technology. Sakamoto’s ‘realistic idealism’ must be reevaluated and reconsidered from this perspective.