전후 대일강화조약과 미일안보조약 과정에 나타난 미군의 일본주둔과 일본재군비 논의

Abstract

One year after the sudden outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, the United States concluded the ‘San Francisco Peace Treaty’ with Japan on September 8th 1951. In addition to the ‘San Francisco Peace Treaty', both parties also signed the Japan-US Security Treaty on the same day. Both treaties came into effect on April 28th 1952 resulting in Japan regaining her independence. As a result of the treaty, Japan accepted that gradual or radical remilitarization was necessary. It can be said that at that time both the US and Japan took into account the effect that remilitarization would have on their own domestic circumstances. For the US, a military presence within Japan was the most effective method in order to maintain control over Japan. On the other hand, Japan was keen to deal an early peace settlement after the war ended. This thesis aims to look at how this dispute was dealt with during the ‘San Francisco Peace Treaty’ negotiations. The aforementioned goals of both countries could have been well accommodated if it were not for the obstacle of Japan’s remilitarization. The United States claimed that Japan should be responsible for her own security and that remilitarization would relieve the burden of the US’s sole responsibility for Japan’s security. At first, MacArthur openly opposed the remilitarization of Japan, however after the outbreak of the Korean War he changed his mind in regard to Japan’s security by requesting that Japan establish a reserve police force. At the beginning of the US occupation, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs supported the idea of rearmament, but their stance shifted after the inauguration of Yoshida and his cabinet. In concluding negotiations, both sides finally decided on the gradual remilitarization of Japan. Within this new alliance the US self-defence pact was also created. Such an agreement from the Japanese side was influenced by the involvement of the Chinese Communist Army in the Korean War, which left the result of the war unpredictable. Another factor for the remilitarization agreement was the absence of MacArthur and his opposition to the idea. However, it could be said that the main reason for this decision was Japan forcibly conceding her early peace settlement proposal in order to gain the US military's security presence.