기업과 인권 맥락에서 ‘책임있는 사업철수(Responsible Exit)’ 논의의 전개와 발전방향
Responsible Exit in the Context of Business and Human Rights
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 글은 다국적기업의 해외진출 이후 분쟁・판데믹・대형자연재해 등 불가항력적 이유나 비즈니스 관계에 있는 제3자의 인권침해 등 심각 한 사유로 인하여 기업이 더 이상 현지에서의 사업을 지속할 수 없을 때, 현지에서의 인권피해를 방지 혹은 최소화하기 위한 ‘책임있는 사 업철수(Responsible Exit)’에 대한 시론적 연구이다. 국제인권레짐에서 기업의 인권존중에 대한 책임이 대두된 이래, 사업의 ‘운영’ 과정에서 의 인권존중 원칙과 실천에 관한 논의는 꾸준히 이루어져왔으나 사업 의 ‘중단’ 혹은 ‘철수’ 맥락에서의 논의는 크게 주목받지 못하였다. 그러다 최근 미얀마 군부 쿠테타와 러시아의 우크라이나 무력침공과 같은 긴급한 상황에서의 기업의 사업 철수와 유지의 결정, 그리고 그 시기와 방법에 따른 인권상황의 문제가 주목받기 시작하였다. 이에 이 글은 국제인권레짐에서 해당 개념의 적극적인 발전을 요청하기 위하여, 기존의 ‘기업과 인권’ 담론 및 관련 논의를 바탕으로 기업의 ‘책임있는 사업철수’의 개괄적 내용을 정리한다. 나아가 그간의 논의 가 제시하지 못한 구체적 개념사항들, 예컨대 사업철수의 범위와 발 생요건・‘책임있는 사업철수’의 주요 원칙과 이행사항・이해관계자의 식별과 소통원칙 등을 정리한다. 마지막으로, 현재 국제인권레짐 및 국내법상 ‘기업과 인권’의 규범화 흐름에 ‘책임있는 사업철수’의 포함 필요성과 방안을 제시한다.
Abstract
This article introduces ongoing discussions and key principles of Responsible Exit, aimed at preventing or minimizing human rights violations when multinational corporations can no longer continue their business due to force majeure circumstances such as disputes, pandemics, major natural disasters, or serious and systemic human rights violations committed by third parties. Since the emergence of the Business and Human Rights(BHR) discourse, robust debates have taken place concerning responsible business conduct throughout the course of business operations. However, little attention has been given to responsible business conduct in the context of the suspension and withdrawal of a project or company. The suspension or withdrawal of business projects, particularly those undertaken by large-scale multinational corporations, has a profound impact on the lives and human rights of stakeholders and local communities, comparable to, if not greater than, that of the initiation or operational phases of a business. In particular, as observed during Myanmar’s military coup and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it is critically important to consider the business-related human rights impact in urgent withdrawals in the context of high-risk and emergency situations. Against this backdrop, this article seeks to clarify the key concepts and principles of Responsible Exit within the context of business withdrawals. It synthesizes the principles and practices of Responsible Exit derived from the existing discourse on Business and Human Rights. The article proposes categories that trigger business exits, outlines core principles and guidelines for withdrawal, provides best practices and benchmarks, and identifies relevant stakeholders. Finally, the article proposes an international human rights regime to effectively promote and assist states in implementing the principles of Responsible Exit through a combination of both soft-law and hard-law approaches.
참고문헌 (28)
- 이상수, "OECD 다국적기업 가이드라인에 따른 한국 연락사무소(NCP)의 기능 부전 ― ‘미얀마 로힝야족 관련 이의신청 사건 1차평가서’(2021)의 비판적 평석 ―", 법학연구, 32(2), pp.179~218 (2022), 법학연구원
- ACT on Living Wages, "ACT Responsible Exit Policy and Checklist", ACT on Living Wages, ~ (2021)
- ASA, Telenor, "Initial Assessment: The Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations (SOMO) on Behalf of 474 Myanmar-based Civil Society Organizations Vs. Telenor ASA", ~ (2021)
- "Responsible Exit Policy" (2021)[URL]
- Due Diligence Design, "Myanmar Enhanced Due Diligence Sectoral Assessment: Findings and Considerations from the Assessment on Business and Human Rights for the Garment Sector in Myanma", Ethical Trading Initiative, ~ (2022)
- Boiardi, Priscilla, "A Practical Guide to Planning and Executing an Impactful Exit" (2014), European Venture Philanthropy Association
- Boone, Peter, "Sanctions Against Iraq:Costs of Failure", ~ (1997)
- Broccardo, Eleonora, "Exit vs. Voice", Finance Working Paper, 694(2020), pp.58~ (2021)
- European Commission, "Proposal for a Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive", European Commission, ~ (2022)
- "Responsible Exit Strategy Guidance" (2018)[URL]
- Hayman, Rachel, "Exit Strategies and Sustainability", INTRAC, (1), pp.26~ (2016)
- Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, "Guidelines on Respect for Human Rights in Responsible Supply Chains (Draft)", Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, ~ (2022)
- From Rushed Reactions to Proper Preparedness: Corporate Due Diligence in Times of Armed Conflict, "Konopka, Developed Ihor", European Coalition for Corporate Justice(ECCJ)and Frank Bold, ~ (2022)
- Milatović, Siniša., "Heightened Human Rights Due Diligence for Business in Conflict-Affected Contexts: A Guide", UNDP, ~ (2022)
- Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business(MCRB), "Staying or Leaving Myanmar? What’s Needed Is a Human Rights-Led Approach", Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business(MCRB). OECD. Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct, ~ (2018)
- OHCHR, "OHCHR Feedback on Proposed Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence", OHCHR, ~ (2022)
- Rozas, Daniel, "The Art of the Responsible Exit in Microfinance Equity Sales", Consultative Group to Assist the Poor(CGAP) and Center for Financial Inclusion(CFI), ~ (2014)
- Schiff, Hannah, "Lasting Impact: The Need for Responsible Exits", Global Impact Investing Network, ~ (2018)
- "Sustainable Exit Strategies: USAID vs. EU" (2020)[URL]
- Shapoval, Nataliia., "New Coalition Business for Ukraine Calls for the Accelerated and Sustained Exit of Businesses from Russia to Cut off the Aggressor Country from Means for War", B4Ukraine, ~
- Sherman, John F., "Irresponsible Exit: Exercising Force Majeure Provisions in Procurement Contracts", Business and Human Rights Journal, 6(1), pp.127~134 (2021)
- Snyder, David V, "Model Contract Clauses to Protect Workers in International Supply Chains, Version 2.0", 68~ (2022)
- SOMO, "Complaint: Alleged Non-Compliance with the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises by Telenor ASA in Relation to Its Disengagement from Its Myanmar Operations", ~ (2021)
- "Responsible Exit from Humanitarian Interventions" (2020)[URL]
- UNDP, "Heightened Human Rights Due Diligence for Business in Conflict-Affected Contexts: A Guide", UNGP, ~ (2022)
- Wåhlin, Malena, "No Business, No Rights: Human Rights Impacts When Land Investments Fail to Include Responsible Exit Strategies. The Case of Addax Bioenergy in Sierra Leone", Alice Blondel, ~ (2017)
- Working Group on the Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises(WGHRTC), "Report on Business, Human Right and Conflict-Affected Regions: Towards Heightened Action", UN General Assembly at its 75th session:OHCHR (2020)