전전 재일조선인 문화운동의 발아와 전개: 일본 프롤레타리아문화운동의 맥락에서

Abstract

This paper summarizes the flow of pre-war Japanese communism and examines the Proletarian cultural movement of the Japan Communist Party and organization of Koreans in Japan on two aspects of solidarity and division. The purpose of this paper is to find clues for the study of cultural movements by Japan and the society of Koreans residing in Japan in the post-war space of liberation and to lay the groundwork for defining the meaning within the context of pre-war and post-war times. Communism was able to settle down in Japan around 1920 because this movement actually presented specific directions of practice to people. The Japanese culture in 1920s was dominated by the images formed by large publishing money and mass media and the desire to consume such images. While getting enthusiastic about the splendid images created by capitalism, people fell into the state of antimony suffering from irrationalities. Communism in Japan began in early 1920s and quickly settled down as an alternative to solve problems faced in the reality. Activists sought for a more organized and active movement that broke away from the idea of spontaneous resistance by going through various discussions. The Proletarian cultural movement was promoted as a part of this practice. As Japan reinforced its war basis around 1930, the oppression of the Japan Communist Party was accelerated. The Communist Party attempted to deploy an active movement by expanding the scope from the removal of social classes to the abolition of the emperor system, but it ended up being a failed attempt due to limitations of the period and the lack of internal capabilities. Koreans in Japan were always present at this historic site. On the one hand, an independent discourse is formed in the society of Koreans in Japan with the rapid inflow of Koreans around 1930. The communist organization of Koreans in Japan coordinated the differences between the Japan Communist Party and Korea Communist Party in determining priorities of liberation of ethnic group and removal of social classes. This organization sometimes functioned as a buffer to arbitrate positions of the two sides and at other times functioned as a channel to express independent voices of the society of Koreans in Japan. The Proletarian cultural movement was the area that reflected such standpoint of Koreans in Japan most clearly. Since the organization belonged to both Japan and Korea while showing originality of Koreans in Japan that differs from either country, a more precise study must be conducted on this topic in the future.