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고려 홍삼이 대뇌 백질 미세구조 및 인지기능에 미치는 효과 : 침입 오류를 중심으로

Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on White Matter Microstructure and Cognitive Functions : A Focus on Intrusion Errors

김지은|김영훈|임수미|이정현|이선호|정현석|이선혜|강일향|반순현|염아림
대한생물정신의학회 (The Korean Society Of Biological Psychiatry)|2015.05|생물정신의학 (Journal of Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry)|제22권 제2호|pp. 78-86

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참고문헌

키워드

확산텐서영상반응 억제Diffusion tensor imagingResponse inhibitionKorean Red Ginseng고려 홍삼White matter백질침입 오류Intrusion error
주제분류정신과학

초록

인삼은 수천 년 전부터 인지기능을 향상시키는 식품으로알려져 왔다.1) 이에 따라 인삼의 효능을 과학적으로 입증하기 위하여 많은 연구가 수행되어 왔는데, 동물 연구를 통해서는 인삼이 뇌세포의 손상을 방지하고, 손상된 뇌세포를 회복시키며, 인지기능을 향상시키는 것으로 비교적 일관되게 보고되어 왔다.2) 또한 이와 같은 효능은 대뇌 피질이나 해마와같이 인지기능을 관장하는 뇌 영역의 구조적, 기능적 변화와관련되어 있음이 잘 알려져 있다.2)3) 인간을 대상으로 한 연구에서는 인삼이 실행 기능,4) 집중력,5) 연산 능력,6) 기억력7)8) 등다양한 영역의 인지기능을 증진시키는 것으로 보고되었다. 특히 알츠하이머병 환자군에서도 인삼 복용이 인지기능을 유의미하게 향상시키는 것으로 알려져 있다.9)10) 그러나 인삼의 인지기능 향상 효과에 대해 인간을 대상으로 한 연구는 여전히 부족하며, 기존 연구들도 대부분 생체내 생물학적 지표를 측정하기보다는 참여자의 주관적인 평가에 따른 임상적 효과를 보고한 연구가 주를 이루었다.4-8) 또한여러 연구를 종합하였을 때, 전반적으로 인지기능을 향상시킨다는 점을 시사하기는 하나,4-10) 인지기능의 여러 하위 영역들에 대한 세부적인 결과는 엇갈리는 측면이 있다.4-8) 이는신뢰성이 높은 무작위 이중맹검 위약대조 디자인을 적용하고, 검증된 인지기능 평가 도구를 사용한 연구의 수가 매우부족하기 때문이다. 더욱이 인지기능의 변화에는 뇌의 구조적, 기능적 변화가 동반될 가능성이 높음에도 불구하고 인간대상의 인삼 연구에서 뇌영상이 활용된 바는 전무하다. 따라서 인삼의 인지기능 향상 효과를 더욱 확실하게 입증하기 위해서는 건강한 정상인을 대상으로, 검증된 도구를 사용하여인지기능을 평가하고, 뇌영상을 이용하여 관련된 뇌의 변화를 분석하는 것이 필요하다.

Abstract

ObjectivesZZAlthough ginseng has been reported to protect neuronal cells and improve various cognitive functions, relationship between ginseng supplementation and response inhibition, one of the important cognitive domains has not been explored. In addition, effects of ginseng on in vivo human brain have not been investigated using the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The purpose of the current study is to investigate changes in intrusion errors and white matter microstructure after Korean Red Ginseng supplementation using standardized neuropsychological tests and DTI. MethodsZZFifty-one healthy participants were randomly allocated to the Korean Red Ginseng (n = 26) or placebo (n = 25) groups for 8 weeks. The California Verbal Learning Test was used to assess the number of intrusion errors. Intelligence quotient (IQ) was measured with the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. The fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured from the brain DTI data. ResultsZZAfter the 8-week intervention, Korean Red Ginseng supplementation significantly reduced intrusion errors after adjusting age, sex, IQ, and baseline score of the intrusion errors (p for interaction = 0.005). Change in FA values in the left anterior corona radiata was greater in the Korean Red Ginseng group compared to the placebo group (t = 4.29, p = 0.04). ConclusionsZZKorean Red Ginseng supplementation may be efficacious for improving response inhibition and white matter microstructure integrity in the prefrontal cortex.

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