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지각된 인기가 또래괴롭힘 피해에 미치는 영향 : 공격성 규범과 또래관계 집중화도의 조절효과

An Exploration of the Effect of Perceived Popularity on Peer Victimization among Elementary School Students : The Moderating Effects of Aggression Norm and Centralization

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본 연구는 또래괴롭힘 피해에 영향을 미치는 학생 및 학급차원의 변인에 대해 탐색하고자 하였다. 힘의 불균형은 또래괴롭힘 피해가 나타나는 핵심적 요소임에도 불구하고, 학생 및 학급 차원에서 힘의 불균형에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 탐색은 제한적으로 이루어졌다. 이에 개별 학생 차원의 사회적 위치를 대표하는 변인으로는 지각된 인기를, 학급 차원에서는 공격성 규범과 또래관계 집중화도의 영 향을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 초,중,고 학생 2,104명을 대상으로 다층분석(Multi-Level Analysis)을 사 용하여 지각된 인기가 또래괴롭힘 피해에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 학급의 공격성 규범과 또래관계 집 중화도가 지각된 인기와 또래괴롭힘 피해 간의 관계를 조절하는지 살펴보았다. 지각된 인기와 또래괴 롭힘 피해는 또래지명을 통해, 공격성 규범은 공격성의 학급 평균 그리고 또래관계 집중화도는 사회연 결망 분석을 활용하여 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 학생수준(1수준)에서는 지각된 인기도가 또래괴롭힘 피 해에 부적으로 유의한 영향을 미치고, 학급 수준(2수준)에서는 공격성 규범이 또래괴롭힘 피해에 정적 인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 학급의 공격성 규범과 또래관계 집중화도는 지각된 인기도와 또래괴롭힘 피해 간의 관계를 조절하였다. 공격성 규범이 높은 학급에서는 전체적인 또래괴롭힘 피해 수준이 높을 뿐만 아니라, 지각된 인기가 또래괴롭힘 피해에 미치는 부적인 영향 역시 공격성 규범이 낮은 학급에 비해 높게 나타났다. 또래관계 집중화도에서 유사한 경향이 나타나, 또래관계 집중화도가 높은 학급에서는 지각된 인기가 또래괴롭힘 피해에 부적인 영향을 미친 반면, 집중화도가 낮은 학급에 서는 지각된 인기가 또래괴롭힘 피해수준에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 학급 내 초 등학생의 또래괴롭힘 피해를 줄일 수 있는 방안들과 후속 연구 항목을 제안하였다.

Abstract

Current study aims to investigate student and class level influence on peer victimization. Although power imbalance is the fundamental factor on peer victimization, few research have examined student and class level effect. To represent student and class level index for power imbalance, perceived popularity, aggression norm, and centralization were used. This study examined how perceived popularity influences peer victimization as well as the moderating effects of aggression norm and centralization on the relation between perceived popularity and peer victimization. In a sample of 2,104 elementary, junior high and high school students, multi-level analyses were performed. Perceived popularity and peer victimization were measured using the peer nomination method. In addition, class mean of individual’s aggression was used to measure aggression norm while centralization was assessed from peer network using social network analysis. The results showed that perceived popularity had a significant effect on peer victimization at the student level and also, the effect of aggression norm on peer victimization at the class level were significant. In addition, the aggression norm and centralization moderated the association between perceived popularity and peer victimization. In classes with high aggression norm, negative association between perceived popularity and peer victimization were higher than classes with low aggression norm. Also, the negative association between perceived popularity and peer victimization were found in classes with high centralization. These findings indicated low levels of aggression norm and centralization decreased the possibility for students with low perceived popularity to be victimized by peers. Based on these results, we discussed several strategies for reducing peer victimization and suggestions for future research.

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