초등학생의 공격성과 또래 지위의 관계: 친구네트워트 기반 공격성 규범의 조절효과
The Associations of Aggression and Peer Status in Elementary School: The Moderating Effects of Friendship Network Based Aggression Norm
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초록
본 연구는 친구네트워크에 기반한 공격성 규범이 공격성과 또래 지위에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 서울 및 경기지역 6개 초등학교 53학급에 재학 중인 학생 1,404명을 연구 대상으로 하여 온라인 설문을 실시하였다. 자료분석을 위해 Mplus 7.2 프로그램을 활용하여 학생수준과 학급수준으로 구성된 Ⅱ수준 다층분석을 실시하였으며, 공격성, 지각된 인기, 사회적 선호를 학생수준 변인으로, 친구네트워크 기반 공격성 규범을 학급수준 변인으로 사용하였다. 연구 문제에 따른 연구 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학생수준에서 공격성이 또래 지위에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 살펴본 결과, 관계적 공격성과 외현적 공격성은 사회적 선호에는 부적인 영향을 준 반면, 지각된 인기와의 관련성이 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 학급수준에서는 친구네트워크에 기초한 공격성 규범은 관계적 공격성과 또래 지위(지각된 인기와 사회적 선호)와의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 친구네트워크 기반 공격성 규범이 높은 학급에서는 관계적 공격성이 높아짐에 따라 지각된 인기가 높아지는 경향이 나타났다. 반면, 친구네트워크 기반 공격성 규범이 낮은 학급에서는 관계적 공격성 수준이 높아짐에 따라 지각된 인기가 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 또한 관계적 공격성이 사회적 선호에 미치는 부적인 영향은 친구네트워크 기반 공격성 규범이 낮은 학급이 높은 학급에 비해서 두드러지게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 기존의 공격성 개념화 방식의 대안으로서 친구네트워크에 기반한 공격성 규범을 소개하고, 공격성과 또래 지위에 미치는 차별적인 영향에 대해 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of aggression norms based on friendship networks on aggression and peer status. An online survey was conducted with 1,404 students from 53 classes across 6 elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. For data analysis, a two-level multilevel analysis was performed using the Mplus 7.2 program. The main findings are as follows. First, when examining the effect of aggression on peer status at the student level, both relational aggression and overt aggression had a negative impact on social preference, whereas no significant relationship was found with perceived popularity. Second, at the class level, aggression norms based on the friendship network were found to moderate the relationship between relational aggression and peer status (perceived popularity, social preference). Specifically, in classes with high friendship network-based aggression norms, an increase in relational aggression was associated with an increase in perceived popularity. Conversely, in classes with low aggression norms, higher levels of relational aggression were associated with lower perceived popularity. Furthermore, the negative effect of relational aggression on social preference was more pronounced in classes with low friendship network-based aggression norms compared to those with high norms. These findings are significant in that they introduce aggression norms based on friendship networks as an alternative way of conceptualizing aggression, shedding light on the differential effects of aggression on peer status.
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