능력주의 신념이 자선 행동에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Meritocratic Belief on Charitable Behavior
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능력주의가 깊게 뿌리내린 현대 사회에서 그 영향력이 개인의 행동과 의사결정에 어떻게 작용하는지에 관한 연구는 제한적으로 이루어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 능력주의 신념이 자선 행동과 관련된 의사결정에 미치는 효과를 고찰하였다. 능력주의 신념은 성공과 부가 개인의 능력, 재능, 노력에 의존해야 하며, 외부적 요인에 의존하지 않아야한다는 가치관이다. 높은 능력주의 신념을 가진 사람들은 자신의 능력과 노력을 통해 성공한 경험을 토대로 자선행동을 더 많이 할 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 그러나 본 연구는 높은 능력주의 신념을 가진 사람들이 자선 행동에 덜참여한다는 가설을 제시한다. 두 연구 결과, 높은 능력주의를 지지하는 사람들이 기부 메시지에 대한 설득 효과가더 낮게 나타났으며(연구 1), 자선적 도움을 주는 의도도 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다(연구 2). 본 연구 결과는 높은능력주의 신념을 가질수록 자선 행동 정도의 감소와 같은 부정적인 결과가 초래할 수 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 능력주의 신념이 만연한 사회에서 그로 인해 발생 될 수 있는 문제를 제시하였다.
Abstract
In contemporary society, where meritocracy is deeply rooted, there has been limited research on its influence on individual behavior and decision-making. This study investigates how meritocratic beliefs impact decisions related to philanthropic behavior. Meritocracy is the belief that success and wealth should depend on an individual's abilities, talents, and hard work, rather than on external factors. In this line of thought, one might anticipate that high meritocracy adherents would engage in more prosocial behavior. However, this study hypothesizes that high meritocracy adherents are less likely to participate in charitable activities and exhibit lower levels of prosocial behavior. In both studies, I discovered that high meritocracy adherents were less persuaded by donation messages (Study 1) and demonstrated lower intentions to provide charitable help (Study 2). These findings suggest that high meritocracy adherents express themselves in less prosocial ways, highlighting the potential negative consequences of strongly adhering to meritocratic beliefs.
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