清代 滿洲 多種族 공동체의 형성과 정체성: 만주 족보의 族源 기록을 중심으로

Abstract

This study is a research on the multi-racial characteristics and the identities of Manchu community since its appearance on historical stage, from the process of growth, development, and decline. The consistent characteristic of the Manchu community that has been maintained across all these phases was its multi-racial community. First, examining the process of North-east unification of Nurhachi, it was found that the tribes named jušen had different ethnic origins. These Nurhachi people integrated the jušen and laid the foundation for the Manchu multi-racial community. Hong Taiji won the war of conquest with the neighboring ethnics and strengthened the community internally and externally. At the same time, he formalized the establishment of the Manchu multi-racial community. As the Manchu community continued to expand outward, it began the natural process of stratification within it. The main inflection point for this stratification is the division of “new and old Manchu”, which started from before and after appointed to public post. By examining the origins of ethnic groups through the records of the Manchu genealogy, the old Manchu and the new Manchu groups were composed of people from various ethnic backgrounds. In the formation and development of the Manchu community, identity is a discussion that is inevitable. The King of the Qing Dynasty set ‘Guo Yu Qi She(國語騎射)’ as the prime example for the Manchu identity. However, in this paper, it examined how the old and new Manchu people, not Guo Yu Qi She, defined their community and looked at what the identity of Manchu they had in mind. Finally, the paper examines the significance of the policy The Han Amy be out of the banner. Through the implementation of the policy, the Chu Qi(出旗) target, and the Qing Dynasty's favorable policy to the old Han Amy people, we can confirm that the purpose of the policy was the Qing Dynasty measure to overcome the crisis of the community at the expense of the lower classes, not a policy designed to exclude Han nationals from the Manchu community The policy of the Han Army be out of banner signifies the end of external expansion of the Manchu community.