清代 八旗의 東北 이주와 東北 滿洲人의 多元的 정체성

Abstract

The Manchus include people from diverse races amongst which were the Mongolians, the Jurchen, the Han, and the Joseon people, groups within the Eight Manju Banner clan genealogy (八旗滿洲氏族通譜). Nevertheless, we often regard the Manchu people as descendants of the Jurchen and overlook their racial diversity. This assumption is also common among the Northeast Manchu people, who often view birthplace as the significant mark of Manchu ethnicity. This paper examines the multiracial composition of northeast Manchurians using immigration policies of the Qing dynasty, which scholars often overlook as external to the formation of the Northeast Manchu society during the Qing dynasty. This paper aims to examine the composition of many kinds of northeastern Manchus by combining the migration policy of Qing Dynasty, which is an external factor in the composition process of Manchus in the northeast, with the perception of their source. First, external factors such as migration of Manchurians within the Great Wall, the migrations of minorities, the southern Han people, and the Southerners to the northeast who all joined the Eight Banners made it possible to form a multi-ethnic group of Manchus. In addition, there was a distinguish between the New and Old Manchus during the formation of Northeast Manchurian people. Namely, National Commission published volumes of the Qing Dynasty Manju Genealogical Anthology (清代滿族家譜選輯) contained 80 Manchu genealogical records belonging to the Manchu, Mongol and Chinese banners. These references provided needed genealogical data but also made it possible to estimate the diverse origins and classes of the Northeast Manchu people.