『향약집성방』의 편찬과 중국 의료의 조선화

Abstract

This article explores the Hyangyakjipseongbang (鄕藥集成方), which was published in 1433, in view of the Chosŏnization(朝鮮化) of the Chinese medicine. This study discusses the structure of combination between the Chosŏn medicine and the Chinese medicine by analyzing the process of publication, the transmission of the Korean traditional medical books, the diseases and the prescriptions of Hyangyakjipseongbang. Most prescriptions of Hyangyakjipseongbang had been collected from the Chinese medical books. And the editors of Hyangyakjipseongbang, Chosŏn medical scientists, made an intensive investigation into the Chinese medicine and reconciled the official names of the Hyangyak(鄕藥, Korean traditional herbs) with the Chinese herbs. With the acception of the Chinese disease system including gynecology and pediatrics, Hyangyakjipseongbang was similar to the Chinese medical books such as Seonghyebang (聖惠方) and Seongjechongrok (聖濟總錄). So Hyangyakjipseongbang became a general medical book which aimed to treat all kind of the East Asian diseases with the Hyangyak. However Hyangyakjipseongbang was one of the famous Chosŏn medical books. This book was regarded as the revised edition of Hyangyakjesaengjipseongbang (鄕藥濟生集成方), which was published in 1399. The list of chapters, formation of texts of Hyangyakjipseongbang and Hyangyakjesaengjipseongbang were much alike, besides some sentences of two books were coincided. An important point is that new diseases were created with the Publication of Hyangyakjipseongbang. Various symptoms like jaundice and nonstop runny nose of the Chinese medicine were recognized as the diseases in Chosŏn, and the proper treatments should be needed. Even though the formation of Hyangyakjipseongbang complied with that of the Chinese medical books on the whole, Chosŏn medical scientists chosen the prescriptions and decided the chapter order. And some diseases of Hyangyakjipseongbang were related with the infectious diseases and diabetes which were rampant in the late Koryŏ period and the early Chosŏn period. It's certain that the Chinese medicine was adopted in accordance with the real state and demand of the Chosŏn society. So it can be said that new diseases had been created with the acception of the Chinese medicine and chosen with the circumstances of the Chosŏn society. It was the way of the Chosŏnization of the Chinese medicine.