조선초기 『鄕藥濟生集成方』의 간행과 향약의 발전

Abstract

This article explores the progress of the Hyangyak(鄕藥, Korean medical system) by analyzing the medical book, 『Hyangyakjesaeng- jipseongbang(鄕藥濟生集成方)』, published in early Chosŏn period. The traditional logic of the medical books of Koryŏ such as 『Biyebaegyo- bang(備預百要方)』 asserts that anything can be used as a medicine[萬物爲藥論] and that it is good to use the least medicine for one disease[一病少藥論], while 『Hyangyakjesaengjipseongbang』, which was published in 1399 as the production of herbs and the verified prescriptions had increased, showed some changed features from the former logic. This article introduces the 2 volumes of 『Hyangyakjesaengjipseong- bang』, and restores the original text by the correcting the mistakes of the former editions. Also, by analyzing the books’ references, this study argues that the medical theory of Song(宋) and Yuan(元) Dynasty had great influences on Hyangyak during the late Koryŏ period to the early Chosŏn period. And it can be confirmed by the fact that 『Hyangyakjesaengjipseongbang』 had synthesized 5 kinds of Korean medical books of Koryŏ and Chosŏn. This article also discusses the medical level of Koryŏ by comparing the statistical data of herbs and the prescriptions of 『Hyangyakjesaengjipseongbang』 with those of other medical books of Koryŏ. In 『Hyangyakjesaengjipseongbang』, the average number of herbs per a prescription was 2.39, which means this book contains multi-medicine prescriptions compared to the other medical books of Koryŏ. Also, this book mainly deals with ‘plantation herbs’ while the other books do not specify the kinds of herbs and refer to them as ‘everything’. Therefore, 『Hyangyakjesaengjipseongbang』 of the early days of Chosŏn argues that plantation herbs can be used as a medicine [藥材爲藥論] and that it is good to use many kinds of medicine to cure one disease[一病多藥論]. And it can be said that the logic of 『Hyang- yakjesaengjipseongbang』 overcame that of medical books of Koryŏ.