백제의 금동대향로와 해양실크로드

Abstract

The Maritime Silk Road was recognized as only a sea route from Rome to China. However, according to historical documents and artifacts, it was confirmed that it was a route that not only reached China through India and Southeast Asia, but also through the Korean Peninsula to Japan. In particular, Baekje connected China with various countries on the Korean Peninsula and even transmitted culture to the Japanese country. In the early days of Baekje, foreign civilization was accepted with the help of Nakranggun and Daebanggun. When the Nakrang and Daebang armies were destroyed and Goguryeo took over maritime rights in the West Sea, King Geunchogo attacked Goguryeo, took control of the Hwanghae-do region, pioneered a trans-Yellow Sea route, and took control of maritime rights in the West Sea. However, when King Jangsu transferred the capital to Pyeongyang and captured Hanseong, it was difficult to use the trans-Yellow Sea route. But King Muryeong attacked Goguryeo and recovered the Han River basin, utilizing the trans-sea route again and carrying out active cultural exchanges with the Yang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty in China. Therefore, becoming a powerful country again means that it has become a maritime power again by taking control of the maritime rights of the Yellow Sea. At this time, cultural relics were exchanged with the Bunam and Im-eup kingdoms in Southeast Asia and passed on to the Japanese kingdom, and direct exchanges began by dispatching the monk Gyeom-ik to India. When King Seong transferred the capital to Sabi in 538 and the Han River basin was taken over by Silla in 553, the Yellow Sea Slant Route was pioneered in the late 6th century, leading to direct exchanges with the Yang Dynasty. Direct exchanges with Southeast Asian countries could be confirmed through crocodiles and elephants among the animals from the southern region depicted on the Baekje gilt-bronze incense burner. And we were able to broaden our perspective by learning that the kings of Bunam and Im-eup were using gilt-bronze incense burners in their palaces, which were used during the Han Dynasty and not seen during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In addition, referring to the case of the incense burner that Emperor Seongmu of Japan used during his reign and contributed to the tomb after his death, the gilt-bronze incense burner of Baekje was also considered to have been used by King Seongmu and contributed to the tomb temple after his death. Therefore, the production period of the gilt-bronze incense burner was considered to be between 523 and 554, during the reign of King Seong, and between 538 and 554 after the transfer of the capital to Sabi. King Seong, who revived Baekje, wanted to show off the majesty of global Baekje by placing animals from not only the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but also Southeast Asia, on the incense burner. A large amount of glass beads has been excavated from the Baekje region, and soda glass of various colors has been introduced since the 4th century. Considering that glass of various colors was excavated not only in Gongju and Buyeo, but also in areas close to the coast such as Hampyeong and Haenam, this shows that glass from Southeast Asia was continuously introduced into Baekje via the Maritime Silk Road. Baekje's navigation and shipbuilding skills, which enable such maritime activities, were discovered through the existence of the ‘Baekje Road’ and ‘Baekje Ship’, and the importance of the port and Tamna State on the southwestern coast could be confirmed.