백제의 對中國交涉 航路 - 고구려의 해상 차단 관련 기록을 중심으로 -

Abstract

There are many theories about Baekje(百濟)'s sea routes of diplomatic contact with China. One of the main reasons for this controversy is the uncertainty in historical records about the departure, stops and destination. In regard to this issue, the record related to Koguryŏ(高句麗)'s maritime interdiction has a significant value to provide evidence for relatively objective demonstration about Baekje's sea routes. This paper will analyze Baekje's sea routes through these records about Koguryŏ's maritime interdiction. First of all, this paper examined the record about Koguryŏ's maritime interdiction. By analyzing this record, it confirms that there was militaristic maneuver with maritime interdiction when Baekje requested China to subjugate Koguryŏ through active diplomatic negotiations. In other words, the keynotes of Baekje's diplomatic policies that urged China to subjugate Koguryŏ provoked Koguryŏ's maritime interdiction. In the process of interdiction, Koguryŏ expanded their usual sphere of action and actively interfered Baekje's sea routes. Additionally, by examining the records about the interdiction, it could be suggested that Baekje continuously used sea routes even after Koguryŏ's maritime interdiction; this phenomenon indicates that maritime interdiction does not concretly decide the availability of a sea route, and it is necessary to consider the possibility that Baekje continuously used maritime routes even after the maritime interdiction. Secondly, this paper evaluated the possibility of the costal route(沿岸航路), traverse route(橫斷航路), and linear line route(斜斷航路; Satanhangro, a sea route that half of the course sails through the costal route, and then diagonally sails across the Yellow Sea), considering the records about Koguryŏ's maritime interdiction implies Baekje's sea routes passed through Koguryŏ's territorial waters, or somewhere close to them. In order to examine the possibility of the linear line route in relation to the place of maritime interdiction, this paper examined through the difference between the place of Baekje's departure and Koguryŏ's maritime interdiction, phenomena in diplomatic contacts with China before and after the interdiction, and durability of the linear line route; conclusively, it is unlikely that Baekje used the linear line route. For the matter of the costal and traverse route, as the possibility that both of the routes were operated still exists, it is impossible to predicate any of them was used by Baekje at this point. Still, taking into account the unlikelihood of the linear line route because of the hostility between Koguryŏ and Baekje during this period, it is more likely Baekje used traverse route during the period between the late 5th century and the early 7th century. Also, the specific course of the route was arguably the area around the coast of Hwanghae Province(黃海道; Hwanghaeto), or Paengryung Island(白翎島; Paengryungdo). Considering the previous researches, Baekje started to use the traverse route by the period between the late 4th century and the early 5th century.