백제의 해상 교통과 기항지 - 對 中國 航路를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This article focuses on some problems related with Baekje, of which constituted Korean ancient Three kingdoms with Koguryu and Shilla state, to mainland China via sea road interaction, especially on the route and the location of port of call. Baekje, located in Korean peninsular south west region, has two sea route to mainland China, one called North line northern route which is along Korean peninsular western coast go north, at the mouth of Apnok river, turn to go west along side Liaodong peninsular to southmost of Liaodong peninsular, go south to Shandong peninsular west. The other is named North line southern route which from Korean peninsular midwestern coat directly cross sea to Shandong peninsular eastmost. The former route had been used since prehistoric time around third century BC, but the latter route assumed to firstly be chosen into fifth century AD, when Koguryo antagonistic to Baekje had seized all of Liaodong peninsular, consequentially North line northern route was unavailable for Baekje, and she went through with seeking cross ocean route ie. North line southern route. Generally speaking, the placing of port of call is intimately related with navigation technology, at which Baekje ship building technolongy and the size of shipping is assumed to be not yet stand with any sailing without at least one catering every 5 days. Under theses condition is it possible that numerous islands of near Korean peninsular west coast is nominated as candidate for Baekje’s port of call, among which have been continuously used in the traditional domestic cargo system. On the ship size and structure is it supposed that maximum length 25~28m, width of draft line 3m and displacement capacity 40~40ton at a given structural stability. But this size is not enough for the North line southern route’s requisition that ship should be larger without catering on the way. At that time had already China invented ship building technique called rectangular ship or “Fang(舫)”, which combined two ship by lateral posts, covered with panel upon it and rebuilt to wider deck ship. Historical record attests Baekje also adopted the “Fang” ship combination technique and helped Japanese delegacy crossing North line southern route to China.