17세기 후반 종교개혁사 논쟁과 길버트 버넷(Gilbert Burnet)의 역사서술
Debates over the History of the Reformation in the Late Seventeenth Century and Gilbert Burnet’s Historiography
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초록
본 논문은 길버트 버넷의 『잉글랜드 국교회 종교개혁사』의 역사서술을 분석한다. 버넷은 1679년 가톨릭 역사가 니콜라스 샌더의 『잉글랜드 분파의 기원과 성장』을 겨냥하여 30여 년간 총 3권에 걸쳐서 16세기 잉글랜드 종교개혁사를 집필했다. 버넷의 역사서술은 17세기 후반 일련의 정치적 사건으로 인해 촉발된 반가톨릭 정서가 고조된 상황에서 써졌다. 이 시기 국교회와 가톨릭교회가 벌인 논쟁의 핵심은 바로 16세기 잉글랜드 종교개혁의 역사적 정당성에 대한 문제였다. 이 두 진영 간의 종교개혁 논쟁은 잉글랜드 프로테스탄트 교회가 세워진 과정을 역사적으로 어떻게 바라보는가에 대한 역사적 논쟁이기도 했다. 버넷의 『종교개혁사』는 잉글랜드 국교회의 탄생을 둘러싼 종교적·정치적 배경의 풍부한 설명으로 가득 차 있지만, 그 이면에는 잉글랜드 세속권력자의 신성한 권위가 어떻게 현세에서 신의 계시를 구현하는 데 이바지 하였는가를 보여주는 정치선전물의 성격도 띄고 있었다. 그의 저술은 단순한 역사서가 아니라, 17세기 후반 잉글랜드 국교도가 프로테스탄트교회의 종교적 우위를 확보하고자 하는 종교적 의도가 담긴 시대적 산물이었다.
Abstract
This paper analyses Gilbert Burnet’s History of the Reformation of the Church of England. His three-volume work of the English Reformation was published over three decades to repudiate De Origine ac Progressu Schismatis Anglicani, written by Nicholas Sander in 1585. The second half of the seventeenth century when the first part of Burnet’s book was published showed anti-popery mentality provoked by a series of political events. The central issue rested upon the historical justification of the Henrician Reformation. This dispute between Catholics and conformists reflects how they respectively understood the historical process of the establishment of the English Church for their sakes. Burnet’s work was full of detailed accounts of religious and political circumstances which led to the establishment of the Church of England. However, there was also a strong sense of providential achievement which could be made by civil magistrates to fulfil what divine revelation desired. His work was not just the historical writing of the Reformation but was an account of royal propaganda that reflected the religious situation in which the Church of England struggled for supremacy over other religious persuasions in the late seventeenth century.
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