17세기 후반 잉글랜드 국교도의 계시적 서사와 반가톨릭 담론
Anglican Apocalyptic Narratives and Anti-Catholicism in Later Seventeenth-Century England
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초록
본 논문은 17세기 후반 잉글랜드 국교도의 반가톨릭 담론과 계시적 서사의 관계를 다룬다. 잉글랜드 프로테스탄트교회는 종교개혁 이후 전통적인 계시적 언어를 통해 가톨릭교회에 대한 적대적 태도를 드러내었다. 반가톨릭 정서는 17세기 후반에도 지속되어 국교도 저술가들의 반가톨릭 담론의 근간을 이루었다. 국교도들은 성서의 예언서에 등장하는 절대 악의 이미지를 활용하여 가톨릭교회와 교황을 ‘적그리스도’와 동일시하고 가톨릭교회의 권위를 부정하려 했다. 당시 반가톨릭 담론은 1660년 왕정복고 이후 정치적·종교적 상황의 변화와 함께 다양한 함의를 갖고 있었다. 국교도들은 가톨릭교회를 종교적 우상숭배와 미신, 정치적 압제와 박해의 개념과 연결 지어 가톨릭교회에 대한 부정적 인식을 강조하는가 하면, 잉글랜드 국교회를 종교적 합리성과 진리의 종교로, 세속권력자를 정치적 자유와 평화를 지킬 신의 대리자로 서술하여 잉글랜드 프로테스탄트교회와 기존 정치질서의 권위를 정당화하려는 담론을 발전시켰다. 이러한 반가톨릭 담론은 단순히 상대 종교에 대한 심리적 혐오감의 수준을 넘어서 17세기 지적 담론에서 국교회의 종교적·정치적 기반을 지탱하는 핵심 사상이었다.
Abstract
This paper surveys the use of apocalyptic language in Anglican anti-Catholic discourses in later seventeenth-century England. From the Reformation, the English Protestants expressed anti-Catholicism through conventional apocalyptic terms. The apocalyptic tradition of anti-popery continued to influence conformist attitudes toward Catholicism throughout the seventeenth century. Many Anglican polemicists employed apocalyptic terms like Antichrist to identify the Roman Catholic church with Satan and to deny her authority. Anti-Catholicism was adapted to the religious and political situations during the Restoration so that its implications were transformed. Conformist writers understood the Roman church through a series of binary oppositions, and all negative terms imputed to the Catholic church and pope revealed the positive characteristics of the Protestant church and civil magistrate. Popery, for them, brought idolatry and superstition into religion, and tyranny and persecution into politics. The conformist view of popery also associated Protestantism with rationality and truth, and the English monarchy with the agent of divine providence to protect the liberty and peace of England from the Antichristian enemy. Therefore, Anti-Catholicism was not an emotional prejudice but a fundamental idea which contributed to the justification of the Church of England and the English constitution.
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