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영어권 계몽주의 연구의 역사와 “잉글랜드 계몽주의”의 발견

Enlightenment Studies in Anglophone Scholarship and The Making of “English Enlightenment”: A Historiographical Review

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초록

본 논문의 목표는 영어권 계몽주의 지성사 연구의 계보를 간략히 개괄하는 것이다. 특히 ‘잉글랜드 계몽주의’ 연구의 등장 과정 및 그 난점을 함께 짚어본다. 1절에서는 먼저 1970년대 정치사상사 분야의 공화주의 및 상업사회 연구에 힘입어 18세기 잉글랜드 지성사 연구가 성장하는 과정을 스케치한다. 2절에서는 1980년대부터 영어권 계몽주의 지성사 연구가 본격적으로 성립하면서 “스코틀랜드 계몽주의” 분야 및 “종교적 전회”가 등장하는 과정을 살펴본다. 3절 및 결론을 대신하는 4절에서는 J. G. A. 포콕의 테제를 중심으로 잉글랜드 계몽주의라는 범주가 어떠한 학문적 배경에서 등장하게 되었으며, 그것이 어떠한 도전에 직면하고 있는가를 검토한다.

Abstract

This review essay aims to present a brief historiography of Enlightenment studies in the English scholarship, with a particular emphasis on the emergence and conundrum of the “English Enlightenment” studies. The first chapter traces the rise, in the 1970s, of intellectual history of eighteenth-century England, due to the studies of the political thought of republicanism and commercial society. The second chapter examines the formation and turnabouts of Anglophone Enlightenment studies since the 1980s, especially the development of the “Scottish Enlightenment” subfield and the “religious turn.” The third and final chapters investigate the historiographical context of J. G. A. Pocock’s understanding of the English Enlightenment. Recent studies on the early modern humanist techniques of historical criticism provide an intellectual framework to his interpretation while also placing it in a predicament.

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