왕정복고기 잉글랜드 국교회의 대륙 프로테스탄트 인식 변화
The Changes in the Perception of Continental Protestantism by the Church of England During the Restoration
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이 글은 잉글랜드 종교 담론의 궤적을 일차적으로 살펴봄으로써 왕정복고기 잉글랜드 국교회가 이웃 신교도들을 어떻게 인식했는지를 추적하고자 한다. 국교회는16세기 종교개혁 이후부터 대륙 프로테스탄트들에 대한 인식적 태도를 자신의 정체성을 정당화하는 ‘두 교회’ 이론이라는 신학적 논변 속에 발전시켰다. 국교회는대륙의 개혁교회에 대해 호의적 태도를 보이면서도 모든 면에서 동조할 수 없다는긴장 관계를 일찌감치 드러내었다. 왕정복고 이후 잉글랜드 국교회는 이전과 다른새로운 지적 환경에 노출되었기에, 새로운 담론에 편승해 유럽의 개혁교회에 대한자신들의 정치적·종교적 입장을 달리했다. 1660년대 이후 국교회 내에서 참된 교회 담론은 종교개혁과의 연계성을 인정하면서도 국교회가 여타 프로테스탄트 교회와 차별화되는 역할을 강조하였다. 즉 국교도는국교회를 범 프로테스탄트 세계의 일부로 보면서도 국교회가 타 유럽의 개혁교회보다더욱 그리스도교적 체제를 갖춘 교회임을 더 강조하고자 노력했다. 그러나 국교도는1670년대 후반 들어서 이전의 완고한 태도에 변화를 주었다. 바로 대륙의 개혁교회와연대를 강조하는 견해가 빈번하게 등장하기 시작한 것이다. 국교회가 추구한 ‘두교회’ 이론은 유럽의 프로테스탄트 교회들도 국교회와 얼마든지 연대 가능한 참된교회의 범주에 들어가게 됨으로써 가톨릭교회와 맞서는 범 프로테스탄트 세력의 연합의 형성으로 완성될 가능성이 엿보였다. 국교회는 이렇듯 두 교회 이론을 상황에 따라 적절하게 변용시켜 자신들의 정체성을 유럽의 종교지형에 적절히규정하려 했고, 이 담론을 통해 대륙의 정세를 자신들의 관점에서 이해했다.
Abstract
This paper aims to trace how the Church of England during the Restoration perceived neighboring religious groups by primarily examining the trajectory of religious discourse in England. Since the sixteenth-century English Reformation, the Church of England had developed a theological argument known as the ‘two churches’ theory to justify its identity by adopting a favorable attitude toward continental Protestants while simultaneously acknowledging irreconcilable differences. After the restoration of the monarchy in the 1660s, the Church of England found itself exposed to a new intellectual environment, prompting a shift in its political and religious stance, developing a new discourse. It emphasized both its close connection to the Reformation and its distinct role within the Protestant world while asserting its position as a church more Christian than other European Reformed churches. However, in the late 1670s, Anglicans began to deviate from their previous staunch stance. A perspective emphasizing solidarity with continental Reformed churches started to emerge. The ‘two churches’ theory pursued by the Church of England opened the possibility of alignment with European Protestant churches, forming a united front against the Catholic Church. The Church of England, after all, adapted the ‘two churches’ theory as needed to define its identity within the religious landscape of Europe and used this discourse to understand continental politics from its own perspective.
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