선거의 완전성
Electoral Integrity
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참고문헌
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초록
오늘날 선거에 대한 질적 평가가 중시되고 있다. 이를 위한 도구개념으로 등장한 선거완전성은 거시적 관점으로 선거과정을 이해할 수 있게 한다. 또한 평가개념으로서 선거완전성은 선거를 정기적으로 평가함으로써 선거제도의 문제점을 파악하고 그 개선방향을 모색할 수 있게 한다. 이 과정에서 선거관리위원회, 정당, 언론기관 등 선거참여자의 기대역할을 찾아낼 수 있을 것이다.선거완전성은 근본적으로 정치적 신뢰의 문제라고 할 수 있다. 왜냐하면 선거완전성이란 선거절차 및 정치과정에 대한 국민의 신뢰에 관한 문제이기 때문이다. 따라서 선거완전성을 구현하기 위해서는 새로운 제도의 창설 이상으로 선거담당공무원의 직무수행이나 선거에 관한 법원의 판단을 정치권이 존중하는 태도가 중요하다.또한 선거완전성을 위한 제도개선의 진정성이 있어야 하고, 선거관리의 투명성과 책임성이 확보되어야 한다. 선거완전성과 관련한 한국의 법적 토대는 전반적으로 잘 구축되어 있다고 본다. 그러나선거자금과 언론보도에 관한 제도적 개선이 신속히 요청된다. 나아가 선거운동을 포함한정치적 표현의 자유를 규율하는 선거법의 개정이 필요하며, 선거구획정에 관한 전향적 개선이 요구된다. 이러한 선거규범을 정립함에 있어서 중요한 것은 일관성이 있어야 하며 애매하거나 누락되지 않아야 한다는 점이다. 특히 정치적 표현에 관한 선거규범은 명백하게 규정되지 않으면 아니 된다. 또한 자주 개정되지 않을 정도로 일정한 수준의 규범력을 구비하여야 하며, 특히 선거에 근접한 시점에 개정되지 않아야 한다. 이는 선거규범의 예측가능성을 확보하기 위함이다. 선거완전성에 관한 법적 토대 외에, 선거규범을 뒷받침을 할 수 있는 윤리강령의 제정과활용이 매우 요구된다. 특히 정당 및 후보자, 언론기관의 윤리강령이 중요하다고 본다. 선거완전성 개념은 한국 선거의 발전을 측정하는 도구로 사용될 수 있다. 정기적으로 실시되는 선거를 평가함에 있어서 정치권력의 변화, 선거권자의 투표행태, 정당체제의 변화등 선거행태나 선거결과를 분석하는 것에 그치지 말고 선거 자체의 완전성을 측정하는 것이 필요하다고 본다. 선거를 치르면서 완전성의 측면에서 더욱 발전을 보인다면, 이는 한국민주주의의 발전을 의미한다고 본다.
Abstract
Nowadays is more emphasized assessing the quality of elections. Electoral integrity,as an instrumental concept for this, helps to understand the electoral process from amacro perspective. It, as an evaluation concept, also makes it possible to identify theproblems of the electoral institutions and to find the direction of solving them byevaluating elections regularly. The roles of the participants in the election including theElection Commission, political parties, media organizations can be found in this process. Election integrity is fundamentally a matter of political trust. Because it is upon theconfidence of citizens in the electoral process and the political process. Therefore, stillmore important is the attitude that respects the judgment of the court and theperformance of election officials than the creation of new institutions in order toimplement the election integrity. In addition, there should be the authenticity of thesystem reformation, and be ensured the transparency and accountability of the electoralmanagementWell established is the overall legal framework for electoral integrity in Korea. However, some institutional improvements are urgently necessary. They are concernedwith campaign finance, media coverage, election laws regulating the freedom ofexpression including political campaigning, and delimitation of the constituency. A clear and detailed legislative framework for conducting elections must beestablished through statutory law, either in a comprehensive code or through a set oflaws that operate together consistently and without ambiguities or omissions. Electorallaw should be established at a high normative level so that it is insulated from regularamendments that could undermine the plans of electoral participants and, especially,that electoral law should not be amended for a substantial period of time prior to anelection. In addition to the legal basis of the election integrity, very demanding is the enactmentand implement of codes of conduct to support the election rules. In particular, importantare the Code of Ethics of the parties and candidates, and that of media organizations. The concept of electoral integrity can be used as a tool to measure the developmentof elections in Korea. In assessing the elections, it is needed to measure the integrity ofthe elections on a regular basis, as well as to analyze the election behavior and resultssuch as changes in the political power, voters' behavior and changes in the political partysystem. If the integrity of elections grows up in completeness, it means that democracydeepens itself in Korea.
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