『抱朴子』 「仙藥」편과 「登涉」편에 보이는 술수와 세계관연구

Abstract

In this paper, I tried to investigate the world-view of herbalists and their shu shu(術數) in the period of wei jin(魏晉) through the chapters Xian Yao(仙藥) and Deng She(登涉) of Bao Pu Zi(抱朴子). The word ben cao(本草) first appear in han shu(漢書) jiao si zi(郊祀志). Yamada Keiji(山田慶兒) insisted that ben cao dai zhao having acted in shen she(神社, sacred shrine) built by Han Wu Di(漢武帝) was the first formal group of chinese herbalists. Their world view was magical. The herbalists in Bao Pu Zi made magical calculation with the concept of Five Phases and tian gan(天干, mystical numbering system of sky), di zhi(地支, mystical numbering system of earth) and discreetly selected day and time on the basis of that calculation to depart from their home, enter mountain and pick mystical medical herb. They should have some things, white chicken, white dog, white salt when leave home. For example bao ri(寶日) or yi ri(義日) is a good day to start for mountain. Yu bu(禹步) is a magical stepping practiced before picking herb. Yu bu, an accompanying magical ceremony was practiced with treatment far before the period of ben cao. We can see that in Wu Shi Er Bing Fang(五十二病方). Following the pattern of qi(氣) is a general way that ancient chinese took to get fit their life into the order of world. It is well described in Shang Gu Tian Zhen Lun(上古天眞論) and Si Qi Diao Shen Da Lun(四氣調神大論), chapters of Su Wen(素問). They are based on the experientially supported world view because the writers of Su Wen(素問) have empirically known they could get good real result by following the pattern of qi. There is the same way in mystical herb when Ge Hong tells to herbalists to enter mountain in march and september. But it is the one case following the pattern of qi we can find in Bao Pu Zi The herbalists' world-view in Bao Pu Zi was magical. They imitated the action of deity to get its power. There were many gods in the world that herbalists see. Especially mountain has the god of mountain, various demons and immortals. Even magical herbs were deities under the god of mountain hierarchically. Herbalists should perform a religious ceremonies after cleaning the body and mind to get the magical power of herb. The calculations and selections of day made in Bao Pu Zi are not empirically and rationally supported. How can we explain the reason for calculations and selections of day and time not following the empirical way. Eliade introduced the idea that the action of a smith who abstracts metal from mineral is an imitation of delivery of the earth in his prominent book Forgerons et Alchimistes. I think his idea is useful to explain some of the herbalists' mystical calculations in Bao Pu Zi. Year, month, day and time is explained by tian gan(天干), di zhi(地支) and Five Phases in east asia. Then a day selected by herbalists is a day that yang(陽) and yin(陰) is in harmony not confliction. The herbalists in Bao Pu Zi, founders of ben cao, had the empirical knowledge. But their mystical world view made them interpret the knowledge into being mystical. Theirs was mystical view that every beings influencing each other with the grade of rank. And They can get the mystical power of herb by following the harmony of yang(陽) and yin(陰).