比较、 定位与出路—基因信息在中国保险中的运用
Comparison, Positioning and Outlet—The Application of Genetic Information in Chinese Insurance
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
伴随着基因检测技术的发展, 基因检测成本降低, 准确性提高, 基因检测开始在社会大众的生 活中运用开来。 但民众却对保险领域基因信息的运用表现出极大的顾虑。 因此英国、 瑞典、 澳大利 亚、 美国都针对保险领域的“基因歧视”制定专门的法律。 由于国情的差异, 上述四个国家在立法上有 着不同的价值取向。 美国在健康保险领域全面禁止基因信息的使用, 英国、 瑞典和澳大利亚则通过 设置一定的金钱限额, 限制保险人使用基因信息。 目前中国的立法和美国类似, 但存在诸多问题, 急需要修改。 对此, 笔者认为需要制定中国的《反“基因歧视”法》, 首先, 要禁止保险人强制投保人进 行预测性基因检测；其次, 仅有必要在人寿保险领域禁止“基因歧视”, 在财产、 养老保险领域无禁 止的必要；再次, 在人寿保险中借鉴英国、 瑞典的做法根据险种的不同设定不同的金钱限额, 在该 金额之下禁止保险人使用基因信息；最后, 加强对基因检测行业的监管, 完善对被保险人的救济。
Abstract
With the development of genetic testing technology, the cost of genetic testing is reduced, the accuracy is improved, and genetic testing has begun to be used in the life of the public However, the public has expressed great concerns about the use of genetic information in the insurance field. Therefore, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Australia, and the United States have formulated special laws for "genetic discrimination" in the insurance field. Due to the differences in national conditions, the above four countries have different value orientations in legislation. The United States completely prohibits the use of genetic information in the field of health insurance, while the United Kingdom, Sweden and Australia restrict the use of genetic information by insurers by setting certain monetary limits. Currently, China's legislation is similar to that of the United States, but many problems urgently need to be revised. In this regard, the author believes that it is necessary to formulate China's “Anti-Genetic Discrimination Law." First, it is necessary to prohibit insurers from forcing policyholders to undergo predictive genetic testing; Secondly, it is only necessary to prohibit "genetic discrimination" in the field of life insurance. There is no need to prohibit the field of endowment insurance; Thirdly, in life insurance, learn from the practice of the United Kingdom and Sweden to set different monetary limits according to different types of insurance, and prohibit insurers from using genetic information after changing the amount; Finally, strengthen the protection of the genetic testing industry. Supervised and improvement of remedies for the insured.
참고문헌 (24)
- 武亦文, "基因信息在保险核保中的应用及其限度", 北方法学, (1) (2020)
- 曹如冰, "商业化基因检测现状调查与法律规制建议", 中国卫生法制, (3) (2017)
- 耿珊珊, "商业化基因检测应用的法律规制研究", 河南社会科学, 27(12) (2019)
- Billings, P. R., "Discrimination as a consequence of genetic testing", American Journal of Human Genetics, 50(3) (1992)
- "Implications for Health and Life Insurances and Other Legal Aspects of Genetic Testing" (2015)[URL]
- Nill, A., "The Use of Genetic Testing Information in the Insurance Industry:An Ethical and Societal Analysis of Public Policy Options", J Bus Ethics, 156 (2019)
- Joly, Y., "Genetic discrimination in private insurance: global perspectives", New genetics and society, 29(4) (2010)
- A. E. R. Prince, "Genetic testing and insurance implications:Surveying the US general population about discrimination concerns and knowledge of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)", Risk Management Insurance Review, 24(4) (2021)
- Daykin, "Genetics and Insurance-Some Social Policy Issues", BRIT. ACTUARIAL J, 9 (2003)
- Angus Macdonald, "The Impact of Genetic Information on the Insurance Industry:Conclusions from the ‘Bottom-up’ Modelling Programme", ASTIN BULLETIN, 41 (2011)
- Joly Y, "The Genetic Discrimination Observatory: Confronting novel issues in genetic discrimination", Trends Genet, 37 (2021)
- "Genetic Testing And Insurance Implications (Full Report)" (2022)[URL]
- Zhou Xuefeng, "Risk Classification in Insurance Law: Reasonable Distinction v. Discrimination", Journal of Comparative Law, 2 (2014)
- K. Lippert-Rasmussen, "Genetic Discrimination and Health Insurance", Res Publica, 21 (2015)
- Chetan Gulati, "Genetic Antidiscrimination Laws in Health Insurance: A Misguided Solution", Quinnipiac Health L.J, 4 (2001)
- A. E. R. Prince, "Political economy, stakeholder voices, and saliency: lessons from international policies regulating insurer use of genetic information", Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 5(3) (2018)
- Mario Viola de Azevedo Cunha, "Data Protection and the Insurance, Banking and Credit Reporting Industries, in Market Integration Through Data Protection", Law, Governance and Technology Series, 9 (2013)
- David Keays, "Genetic Testing and Insurance: When Is Discrimination Justified?", Monash Bioethics Review, 19 (2000)
- Wendy L. McGoodwin, "Genetic Testing in Life and Disability Insurance: A New Challenge for Public Policy", Brief, 28 (1998)
- McGuire A. L., "Two cheers for GINA?", Genome Med, 1(6) (2009)
- Bunnik EM, "Ethical Issues in Research and Development of Epigenome-wide Technologies", Epigenet Insights, 13 (2020)
- A. E. R. Prince, "Insurance Risk Classification in an Era of Genomics: Is a ‘Rational Discrimination’Policy Rational?", NEB. L. REV, 96(3) (2017)
- Michelle Lane, "Genetics and Personal Insurance: The Perspectives of Canadian Cancer Genetic Counselors", J Genet Counsel, 24 (2015)
- A. S. Macdonald, "Moratoria on the Use of Genetic Tests and Family History for Mortgage-Related Life Insurance", British Actuarial Journal, 9(1), pp.217~237 (2003)