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청년과 노인의 비의도적 자전기억(IAM)의 특성 및 정서상태와의 관계

The Characteristics of Involuntary Autobiographical Memories in Young Adults and Older Adults: The Relationship between IAM and Emotional State

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주제분류심리과학

초록

비의도적 자전기억(Involuntary Autobiographical Memories, IAM)은 일상생활 중에 어떠한 인출 시도 없이 자발적으로 떠오르는, 자기 경험에 관한 기억을 말한다. 본 연구는 청년과 노인의 IAM 특성 및 IAM과 정서상태 간 관계를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 참가자는 청년 69명(평균연령 22.47세)과 노인 43명(평균연령 75.52세)이었으며, 그들은 1주일 동안 일상생활 중에 떠오르는 IAM을 기록하고 기억의 질을 평가하였다. 이러한 일지법을 통한 자료를 분석한 결과, 노인은 청년에 비해 IAM의 빈도가 높았는데, 노인과 청년 모두 긍정기억이 부정기억보다 더 많았고 IAM의 정서가별 비율에서 연령차는 나타나지 않았다. 노인은 청년보다 긍정 및 부정기억을 더 선명하게 회상하였으며 부정기억을 더 부정적으로, 긍정기억을 더 긍정적으로 평가하였다. 그리고 청년은 긍정기억보다 부정기억을 평소에 더 많이 시연하는 반면, 노인은 긍정기억을 부정기억보다 더 많이 시연하였으며 노인의 긍정기억 회상 빈도가 주관적 행복감과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 논의에서 본 연구의 의의, 제한점, 추후연구에 대해 기술하였다.

Abstract

An involuntary autobiographical memory(IAM) is a memory of a personal experience that comes to consciousness spontaneously, without preceding attempts to retrieve it. This study investigated the characteristics of IAM and the effects of IAM on emotion in young adults and older adults. Participants were 69 young (M = 22.47, 33 males, 36 females) and 43 older (M = 75.52, 21 males, 22 females) adults. They maintained an IAM diary which is composed of the contents, level of emotional valence, vividness, and rehearsal of memory, etc. for seven days. Using the data from the IAM diary, memories were classified based on the theme categories and the relationship between the frequency of IAM and mental health were analyzed. The results showed no age differences in the frequency of three emotional valence IAMs and both young and older adults retrieved more positive IAMs than negative IAMs. The IAM of older adults was more vivid and they rated positive IAM more positively and negative IAM more negatively than young adults. While young adults rehearsed negative IAM more frequently, older adults rehearsed positive IAM more often than negative IAM. The frequency of positive IAM was related to subjective well-being in older adults. These findings suggest the role of positivity bias and emotional regulation.

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