노화와 자전적 기억: 회상유형과 사상유형에 따른 일화 및 비일화 기억 양상 간 비교
Autobiographical Memory and Aging: Episodic Aspects and Retrieval Support
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자전적 기억은 자신의 삶에 관한 개인적인 기억으로, 주관적인 의식경험이 수반되며 자기도식에 의해 재구성된다. 본 연구에서는 자전적 인터뷰(Autobiographical Interview: AI)를 통해 자전적 기억의 일화 및 비일화적 요소의 인출 양상에서의 연령차를 인출지지와 함께 고찰하였다. 또한 사상의 정서에 따른 일화 및 비일화 회상량의 연령차를 살펴보았다. 노인은 탐문회상에서 청년보다 일화의 회상량이 적었고, 인출지지는 노인과 청년 모두에게 일화 및 비일화의 회상을 촉진시켰는데, 인출지지로 인해 증가한 일화기억의 범주유형 중 시간, 지각, 사고/정서에서 연령차가 나타났다. 그러나 비일화 회상에서는 연령과 회상유형 간 상호작용이 없었고, 자전적 기억의 회상에서 정서의 이득은 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구결과와 그에 관한 논의를 통해 자전적 기억의 특성과 연령에 따른 기억체계의 변화, 정서와 기억 간의 관계에 대해 검토하고 본 연구의 의의 및 제한점, 추후연구에 대한 제언을 제시하였다.
Abstract
It has been postulated that as people get older, the episodic information in our auto biographical memory should be deteriorated faster than the semantic aspect of it. To examine the thesis, the present study measured the probed retrieval performances of young and old group in their autobiographical memory using a technique called, Autobiographical Interview(AI). It was also examined if the probed retrieval was in any way effected by the emotional valence of the events recalled. The results showed that: (1) There was clear age deficits in episodic memory but not in semantic memory. (2) Retrieval support helped young adults more in recalling episodic memories than older adults and this trend was quite visible in the category of time, perception and thought/emotion. (3) There was no evidence of the advantage in recalling the emotional events in both episodic and semantic aspects of autobiographical memory. (4) The recall for negative events in older adults interacted with rehearsal. It can be safely argued that the nature of tools and techniques administered to study cognitive aging will determine the level of validity of the data collected.
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