노인의 정서 정보에 대한 선택적 주의와 기억 인출의 긍정성 효과
Positivity Effect in Selective Attention and Memory Retrieval of Emotional Information among Older Adults
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초록
사회정서적 선택 이론은 노인의 인지 과정의 긍정성 효과가 정서 조절을 위한 목표 지향적 인지 처리에서 나타나는 것이라 제안한다. 이에 본 연구는 사회정서적 선택 이론의 관점에서 노인의 정서 정보에 대한 선택적 주의와 기억 인출의 긍정성 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 목표 지향적 인지 처리는 주의 통제를 필요로 하므로, 대학생 집단(19-26세; 75명)과 노인 집단(65-84세; 120명)을 대상으로 정보 처리의 주의 과정에서 정보 유형(정서, 비정서)에 따른 선택적 주의와 정보의 정서가(긍정, 부정)에 따른 주의 편향을 검증하였다. 기억 인출에서는 정보 정서가에 따른 재인 편향에서의 연령차를 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 노인은 주의 과정에서 비정서 단어보다 정서 단어에 대해 선택적 주의를 더 잘 기울였으나, 긍정 정서 단어에 대한 주의 편향을 보이지 않았다. 기억 인출에서, 노인은 부정 정서 단어에 비해 긍정 정서 단어를 더 많이 재인하여 긍정성 효과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 노인의 인지 과정의 긍정성 효과가 노년의 적응적인 정서 조절 과정에 기여할 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
Socioemotional selectivity theory maintains that an age-related positivity effect in cognitive processes such as attention and memory may reflect efforts at emotion regulation in older adults. Based on this, the study examines age differences in selective attention to emotional information and positivity effect in memory retrieval. Compared to the younger age group (aged 19-26 years), older adults (aged 65-84 years) showed relatively high levels of selective attention to emotional words than non-emotional ones, though not showing positive bias, and also recognized the positively valenced words more than the negatively valenced ones. These findings suggest that an age-related positivity effect in cognitive processes may reflect the process of emotion regulation that contributes to positive affective experiences and sense of well-being in older adults.
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