청년의 자아존중감과 사건 정서에 따른 자기존중기억의 인출 양상
Recall Pattern of Self-Esteem Memory Based on Self-Esteem and an Event’s Emotional Valence in Younger Adults
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초록
본 연구는 청년을 대상으로 자아존중감과 사건 정서에 따라 자기존중기억의 회상 양상에 어떤 차이가 나타나는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 연구 참가자는 대학생 84명이었으며 긍정적 및 부정적 자기존중기억을 각 세 가지씩 회상하도록 하여 자전적 인터뷰(AI)의 평가법으로 기억 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 자아존중감이 높은 청년은 낮은 청년보다 자신의 경험에 대한 기억이 유의하게 선명하였고 더 많은 단어로 더 긴 시간 동안 자기 경험을 말하면서 경험에 관련된 자신 및 타인에 대한 정보를 더 많이 회상하였다. 또한 자아존중감이 낮은 청년은 높은 청년보다 부정적 사건에 대한 정서 강도가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 자아존중감의 고저에 상관없이 청년은 긍정경험보다 부정경험에서 나의 정보를 더 많이 회상하였고 긍정적 경험보다 부정적 경험 후에 정서 및 사고 변화가 더 컸으며, 부정적 경험은 성취보다 사회적 관계라는 주제에 초점이 더 맞추어져 있었다. 이러한 결과는 청년에게 자전적 기억의 자기향상기능이 작동한다기보다 부정적 경험의 영향이 크며, 자아존중감이 낮은 청년은 부정적 사건에 대한 강한 부적 정서로 인해 자기개념 손상이 클 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study investigated the self-enhancement function of autobiographical memory based on self-esteem in younger adults. A total of 84 university students (42 males and 42 females) completed the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. They recalled three positive and three negative self-esteem memories and rated the quality of each memory. Based on their self-esteem scores, they were divided into high and low self-esteem level groups. The analysis of variance showed that memories of high self-esteem younger adults were more vivid and they recalled more information about themselves and others for a longer time. Regardless of self-esteem level, younger adults recalled more information about themselves in negative events and experienced more changes in emotions and thoughts after negative events. Negative emotional valence of negative events was higher in younger adults with low self-esteem. The content analysis showed that self-esteem memories of negative experiences focused on social relations rather than achievement. These findings suggest that the self-enhancement function of autobiographical memory does not work in younger adults, and the effects of negative experiences are strong. Self-concepts can be damaged more in younger adults with low self-esteem.
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