전후 일본 보수인맥의 태동 - ‘역코스’기를 중심으로

Abstract

In the first half of 1950s Japan there arose moderate conservatives and new generation historians together with the reappearance of pre-war forces of business and capitalists. In some respects, it can be said that semi-fascist forces wielding a new type of political power were resurrected during the reverse-course. These new conservative forces, however, would not be defined as “fascism.” These conservative groups of the new generation, through the newly established “Policy Advisory Committee” (Seirei shimon iinkai) of 1951, pulled the political strings, and as new rightists they materially and spiritually supported the Nippon Izokukai (Association of War Dead Soldiers and Bereaved Families of Japan). The advent and development of conservatives in the political and business spheres in Japan begins at the same time as the Yomiuri Shimbun started its serial reports on the “Reverse Course” in late 1951. Japan’s political and post-war conservative forces, delicately altered capitalists in business, and a new generation of historians following the Kōkokushikan (View of History Centering on the Imperial Country) perspective emerged around 1951. In sum, Japan’s post-war conservatives had their earliest beginnings with the end of the GHQ’s occupation and the conclusion of the San Francisco Peace Settlement and the United States-Japan Security Treaty. They were not replicas of the pre-war rightists. As a reaction to the occupation policy, various agencies and associations appeared in the early 1950s. These new government and non-government posts became occupied by the new conservative forces.