말레이어의 중국어 차용과 음운변화
A Study on Chinese Loan-Words and Phonological Change in Malay
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues involving the Chinese loan-words in Malay with special reference to their phonological change. Most Chinese immigrants of Malaya came from southern China, mostly from the province of Fujian and Guangdong. Early Chinese settlers formed a sub-group called Peranakan or Straits Chinese. They eventually settled in Bukit Cina in Malacca. The descendants of these people (from mixed marriages with the local natives) are known today as Baba (the male title) and Nyonya (the female title). The Baba Nyonya were partially assimilated into the Malay culture, especially in food, dress and language, while retaining some of the Chinese traditions and culture. With social contact between Chinese and Malay the Chinese language has influenced Malay. The Chinese loan-words in Malay were adjusted by Malay phonetic and phonological systems in such aspects as contrast of vowels, contraction of vowels, anaptyxis, variation of consonants, nasalization of vowels, duplication of homorganic nasals, etc. This state of affairs, though not exhaustively listed and described, well illustrates how language contact can dynamically influence the languages in contact and bring forth changes in the phonological system of the loan-words with the influence of the host language.
Abstract
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kata-kata pinjaman dan perubahan fonologinya dalam bahasa Melayu. Kepulauan Melayu(khususnya semenanjung Malaysia) adalah tempat bertemunya antara India dan Cina dari zaman duahulu. Dengan demikian ramai orang Cina yang berlayar pulang pergi antara India dan Cina mampir di Kepulauan Melayu untuk menambah perbekalan kapal. Ada pula yang menetap, mencari tempat hidupnya di Kepulauan Melayu. Oleh sebab itu banyak kata Cina masuk ke dalam bahasa Melayu, dan di antaranya telah berubah fonologinya menurut sistem fonologi bahasa Melayu. Beberapa contoh perubahaan fonologinya dirundingkan dalam kajian ini.
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