만주어 정도부사 最甚語 연구
Adverbs of Extreme Degree in Manchu Language
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Differences in the meaning and function among extreme degree adverbs umesi, asuru, dembei, mujakū, hon and jaci have not been studied enough yet. The purpose of this paper is to distinguish these words from each other by inspecting definitions in Manchu dictionaries and by exploring usages in literatures. It also involves to examine the syntactic and semantic category of words that each adverb modify. First, the term umesi is considered as the representative of adverbs which refer to the meaning of extreme degree such as ‘very, extremely, exceedingly, most, etc.’. But it seems that umesi had a canonical usage to mean ‘completely’ or ‘forever’ with modifying non-gradable verbs. Next, the term asuru is very similar to umesi in the meaning and the relation with the modificands, but the former tends to appear in the negative sentences unlike the latter and the others. Although dembei had been used much less than umesi, its pattern represented in sentences looks more typical as a degree adverb. mujakū resembles dembei in many aspects, but the most unique feature of mujakū is that it can modify even non-gradable nouns. Lastly, both hon and jaci mean ‘too, overly, excessively’, and they modify only gradable words –adjectives or gradable verbs.
Abstract
Differences in the meaning and function among extreme degree adverbs umesi, asuru, dembei, mujakū, hon and jaci have not been studied enough yet. The purpose of this paper is to distinguish these words from each other by inspecting definitions in Manchu dictionaries and by exploring usages in literatures. It also involves to examine the syntactic and semantic category of words that each adverb modify. First, the term umesi is considered as the representative of adverbs which refer to the meaning of extreme degree such as ‘very, extremely, exceedingly, most, etc.’. But it seems that umesi had a canonical usage to mean ‘completely’ or ‘forever’ with modifying non-gradable verbs. Next, the term asuru is very similar to umesi in the meaning and the relation with the modificands, but the former tends to appear in the negative sentences unlike the latter and the others. Although dembei had been used much less than umesi, its pattern represented in sentences looks more typical as a degree adverb. mujakū resembles dembei in many aspects, but the most unique feature of mujakū is that it can modify even non-gradable nouns. Lastly, both hon and jaci mean ‘too, overly, excessively’, and they modify only gradable words –adjectives or gradable verbs.
참고문헌 (22)
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