자원봉사자의 기능적 동기 및 자원봉사센터의 관리관행이 조직성과에 미치는 영향: 자원봉사활동 만족의 매개효과 중심
A Study on the Impacts of Volunteers's Functional Motives and Managerial Practices of Volunteers Administration Centers on Center's Organizational Performance-Focused on the Mediating Role of Volunteers Satisfaction
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초록
사회적 서비스에 대한 수요가 늘고 비영리 조직의 운영이 자원봉사자의 활동에 의존하고 있기 때문에 자원봉사자들을 활용하는 기관의 입장에서는 동기가 유발된 자원봉사자들을 모집하고 이들이 지속적으로 활동하도록 할 방안을 모색하는 일이 중요한 과제로 부상하였다. 이제까지 자원봉사자들의 이탈을 막고 자원봉사자로서 오래 체류하도록 할 방안에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어져 왔지만 효과적인 요인을 찾아내는 데 미비하였다. 따라서 자원봉사자들의 활동지속과 친사회적 행위를 강화할 방안의 마련이 학계에서나 실무계에서 중요한 과제가 되고 있다. 이 논문의 목적은 자원봉사 활동에 참여하려는 자원봉사자들의 기능적 동기수준과 자원봉사 센터의 관리관행이 자원봉사자들의 활동지속의지와 친사회적 행위를 하위요인으로 한 조직성과에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 자원봉사자들의 봉사활동만족이 이들 사이에 매개역할을 하는 지를 검증하는 일이다. 이러한 연구 목적을 수행하기 위해 이 연구는 기능적 접근(functional approach)에 근거하여 자원봉사자들의 행위를 분석한다. 본 연구의 가설 검증을 위해 국내에서 활동하고 있는 자원봉사자들로부터 회수한 유효 설문지 1,227 개를 분석한 결과 발견한 중요한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자원봉사자들의 기능적 동기 수준 및 자원봉사센터의 관리관행에서 자원봉사자 지원적 경향이 자원봉사자들의 조직성과에 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 위와 같은 영향에 자원봉사자들의 활동만족이 유의한 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 본 연구의 함축적 의미와 연구의 한계점이 제시되었다.
Abstract
As the needs for social service are increasing and nonprofit organizations depend on volunteers, it becomes very important to prepare some ways to recruit the well motivated volunteers and to enhance their intentions to remain and their prosocial behaviors. Particularly there have been many studies concerning volunteer retention and many factors have been identified. However, literature survey indicates that many of these earlier studies did not explain sustained volunteerism, which means there must be other factors important in influencing the prediction of durability as a volunteer and the level of pro-social behavior toward other volunteers and their organizations. From this respect the present study intends to explore more effective factors in the prediction of volunteers's retentions and their pro-social behaviors. Another purpose is to analyse the effect of volunteers's satisfaction as mediating variable on the relationship between the independent variables(volunteers's functional motivation and managerial practices of volunteer center) and dependent variable. This study is based on a functional approach to understanding the motivations that prompt people to become volunteers and that sustain their efforts overtime and pro-social behaviors toward other volunteers. In order to address the hypotheses and research questions, a questionnaire survey was conducted and the effective 1,227 cases responded by volunteers from diverse regions in South Korea were used for a statistical analysis. The research findings are summarized as followings: First, functional motivators had a significantly positive influence on organizational effectiveness comprised of volunteers' intention to remain as volunteers and on volunteers's pro-social behaviors. The supportive managerial practices of volunteers administration centers influenced on the organizational effectiveness. Second, volunteers' satisfaction was influenced by the levels of functional motivators. Third, volunteers' satisfaction affected directly the organizational effectiveness and mediated the relationship between the independent variables(functional motivators and supportive managerial practices) and dependent variable. The Implications and limitations of the study were suggested.
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