태국 화폐의 발전 양상에 대한 고찰-근대 이후 시기를 중심으로-
Aspect of Development of Banknotes in the Modern Kingdom of Thailand and Thereafter
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초록
화폐는 민족국가의 정체성을 나타내는 중요한 수단이다. 화폐는 한 국가 내에서 누구나 지니고 사용하며 매일의 일상에서 마주한다. 따라서 화폐를 통해 국가 정체성을 고취시킬 수 있으며, 그 화폐에 그려진 도안을 통해 국가가 목표로 한 관심사를 효과적으로 주지시킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 근대 이후부터 현대까지의 태국의 지폐를 시대별로 분석하였다. 근대 초기에는 내구성의 부족 등의 이유로 시장에서 지폐가 외면 받았으나, 1902년부터 비로소 현대적 지폐가 시장에서 통용되었다. 해외에서 발행되던 화폐가 1969년부터 태국 내에서 발행되면서부터 국가의 중점 사안에 따라 도안의 변화가 시도되었다. 현대 지폐의 초기 도안은 의회민주주의를 강조하였으며, 점차 안보와 자주권을 강조하는 것으로 바뀌었으며, 이후에는 정치 안정, 그리고 자문화에 대한 자긍심으로 관심이 바뀌어갔다. 최근에는 교육, 행정, 문화, 경제와 민생에 중점을 두고 도안이 선택되었으며, 이후에는 이민자의 수용과 통합, 과학 기술, 해외 교류, 평등과 균형발전으로 중점이 바뀌었다. 즉, 현대 태국의 지폐의 도안은 시기별로 태국의 국가 목표가 점차 다각화됨을 보여준다 하겠다.
Abstract
The banknote is an important medium that represents the identity of a nation-state. Every resident of a country carries banknotes and uses them in his or her everyday life. Thus, the state can strengthen its identity through banknotes and effectively remind people of the issues the state wishes to promote through the design of banknotes. This study presents the analysis of the banknotes of the Kingdom of Thailand (“Thailand”) issued since modern times. Earlier in the modern times, the Thai refused to use the banknotes because they were not sufficiently durable. It was not until 1902 that the Thai started to accept banknotes that had become modern enough. Thailand first began printing banknotes overseas but began domestic printing in1969. As Thailand started to print its banknotes domestically, the design of banknotes changed according to the issues to which the state gave higher priority. During the modern era, Thailand emphasized parliamentary democracy through its banknote design and gradually shifted its focus onto national security and independence. Thereafter, the focus continued to shift to stabilization of politics and pride in Thai heritage. In recent times, Thailand adopted banknote designs highlighting education, administration, culture, economy and public welfare, and the focus shifted onto the accommodation of immigrants, integration, scientific technologies, foreign exchange and equal and balanced growth. The designs of modern Thai banknotes show that the goals of state in Thailand gradually diversified
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