해외파견근로자들의 파견국에서의내적외적 적응요인에 관한 연구:Transformative Learning Theory를 중심으로
Factors That Facilitate or Limit Expatriates' Adapting and Adjusting to Another Country: Focusing on transformative Learning Theory
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초록
이 연구는 해외파견근로자가 외국에서 생활하고 일하면서 겪게 되는 경험과 파견국에서의 학습경험을 성인교육이론의 하나인 transformative learning theory에 입각하여 분석하였다. 본 연구는 미국인으로서 외국에 파견되어 있는 70명의 해외파견자들을 대상으로 World Wide Web과 이메일을 통하여 이루어졌다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 해외파견근로자는 범문화적 효과성 기술을 획득하기 위해 생활과 음식 , 파견국의 규율준수 등 외형적인 변화를 가져오게 되지만, 자신의 믿음이나 가치등이 자기변혁을 가져올 만큼의 변화를 가져왔다고 할 수는 없었다. 그러나, 연령, 성, 이전 파견경험등에 따라 내적인 변화정도의 차이를 보이고 있다. 즉, 연령이 적을수록, 여성, 해외에 가본 경험이 있는 파견자들의 내적변화정도가 켰다. 그리고, 초기적응도와 현재적응도 간과 초기적응도와 내적적응도 간에 높은 상관관계를 보여, 초기에 적응을 잘 할수록 현재의 적응도 역시 높았으며, 초기에 잘 정착하는 경우 파견국의 문화를 잘 받아들이는 것으로 나타났다. 해외에 적응력을 높이기 위해서는 해외파견경험, 언어능력, 현지인과의 장기간의 친분, 본국으로부터 제공되는 파견국에 관한 정보 등이 중요요인으로 나타났다. 따라서, 해외로 파견하여 업무를 수행하도록 하는데, 연령, 성, 이전경험을 살펴볼 필요가 있으며, 파견전 언어 훈련과 함께 파견국에 대한 정보를 지속적으로 제공하여 파견국에 친숙할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다. 뿐만아니라, 파견한 후에도 파견국 주민과의 지속적인 관계를 가질 수 있도록 멘토링(mentoring)이 가능하도록 지원하고, 파견국에 관한 정보를 계속 제공하여야 할 것이다.
Abstract
This study examines the internal and external changes that expatriates‘ experiences as they adapt and adjust to living and working in a foreign country, and their learning methods. The survey was completed via e-mails and the World Wide Web by 70 expatriates. Using Mezirow's transformative learning theory, this study examine whether expatriates' experiences in another country can lead to more inclusive, differentiated, permeable, and integrated perspectives. The study found that expatriates changed externally and acquired cross-cultural effectiveness skills. Expatriates did not experience the perspective transformation. Age, gender, or cross-cultural experiences appeared to be significant factors in initial adaptation. There were strong relationships between initial adaptation and current adaptation, and between initial adaptation and adjustment. Several learning situations would be helpful to reduce expatriates' cultural difficulty: cross-cultural experiences, language competency, long-term relationships with the host people, and information about the host country originating from the home country as well as the host country.
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