아내폭력 피해여성의 ‘도움을 요청하지 않는’ 행위에 대한 연구
Battered Women's Reasons for Not Seeking Help
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본 연구는 아내폭력 피해여성이 사회적 지원체계로부터 도움을 요청하지 않는 이유를 밝히고, 도움을 요청하지 않는 행위의 의도를 중심으로 피해여성의 저항을 개념화하고자 하였다. 아내폭력 피해여성에 대한 연구는 “왜 폭력적인 관계를 떠나지 않는가?”라는 오래된 질문에 답하거나 피해여성들이 “떠나는 과정”을 밝히는데 주력해 왔으며, “왜 도움을 요청하지 않는가?”는 연구자들의 관심의 대상이 되지 못하였다. 본 연구는 아내폭력 피해여성들이 도움을 요청하지 않는 행위에 주목하여 피해여성의 행위성을 부각하고, 피해여성들이 어떠한 상황에서 특정 지원체계로부터 도움을 요청하지 않는가를 밝힘으로써 기존의 사회적 지원체계가 갖는 한계에 대해 논하고 대안을 모색하려 하였다. 10명의 아내폭력 피해여성을 대상으로 반구조화된 질문지에 기초하여 심층면접을실시한 결과 밝혀진 바는 다음과 같다. 아내폭력 피해여성이 도움요청을 하지 않는행위는 가해자의 추가적 폭력을 막고, 관계를 유지하며, 피해여성을 향한 비난 및 양가적 메시지를 피하기 위한 의도적이며 선택적인 행위인 것으로 나타났다. “떠날 준비가 된” 아내폭력 피해여성을 위한 위기개입 위주의 지원체계에 대해 피해여성은 도움을 요청하지 않는 비가시적 행위로 저항하며 기존의 지원체계의 문제점에 대해 말하고 있다. 이는 가해자를 떠나는 것이 폭력을 종식하는 유일하고 효과적인 방법이라는 통념을 넘어서는 방향으로 사회적 지원체계가 재정비되어야함을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study explores battered women's reasons for not seeking help from social support systems. Likewise, it attempts to conceptualize battered women's resistance based on intent of women's acts of not seeking help. This study suggests that researchers redirect their attention from "Why do battered women stay in the abusive relationship?" to "Why do battered women not seek help from social support systems?" The former question has stigmatized battered women and limited their choices. This study attempts to expand battered women's agency by paying attention to their acts of not seeking help and to discuss the limitations of existing social support system through analyzing the intent and meanings of such acts. In-depth interviews with ten battered women revealed the following. Battered women seem to intentionally choose not to seek help from certain social support systems. They do not seek help from such systems in order to prevent further abuse, to keep the relationships, and to avoid blames and ambivalent messages against themselves. Battered women's readiness to leave the abuser appears to affect their acts of not seeking help. Battered women tend to postpone seeking help from social support systems until they believe that they are ready to leave the abuser. It seems problematic that existing social support systems achieve the goal of stopping wife abuse by supporting only the battered women who are ready to leave the abuser. This study finally suggests that social support systems provide the battered women who are not ready to leave the abuser with diverse and sensitive services to promote their help-seeking.
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