조선 후기 문인화가 공재 윤두서의 지도- <東國輿地之圖>와 <日本輿圖>, 그리고 중국지도 <天下大摠一覽之圖> -

Abstract

The artists of Dohwaseo and many literary painters participated in making the maps in the Joseon Dynasty. Despite the literature and cases of artists who created maps, the actual names of artists who created the maps are not clear in most cases. Excluding the cartographers of the Joseon Dynasty, Doo Seo Yoon (Gongjae, 恭齋 尹斗緖, 1668~1715) is an artist known for a map that still exists. As a member of Southern Silhak Sector, Yoon was widely profound in Confucian teachings and in paintings with poetry and calligraphy. He was also interested in geography. As he drew very detailed portraits, he recorded the flow of mountains and rivers, or the portraits of the ancestors' lands, on the maps. According to 'Yoon Doo Seo Haengjang‘ written by his son, Deok Hee Yoon, he created the maps of China, Joseon, and Japan. The head house of his family called Nogudang still preserves his Donggukyeojijido (東國輿地之圖)〉and〈Ilbonyeodo (日本輿圖)〉(both Treasure No. 481). ‘Junggukyeodo (中國輿圖)’ is currently not found in the head house in Haenam, but it is assumed that it is 〈Cheonhadaechongillamjido (天下大摠一覽之圖)〉in the National Library of Korea. Created between 1712 and 1715,〈Donggukyeojijido (東國輿地之圖)〉is a kind of 'Donggukjido' featuring the early settlements and developments of Joseon. The Manchuria region was omitted and the Duman River and Amnok River to the north are just drawn in straight lines. On the other hand, Jeonnam and the islands in the southwestern seas are very detailed. The snowy view of Mt. Baekdu is emphasized by painterly means and the monument of Joseon and Ching from 1712 is marked. 〈Ilbonyeodo (日本輿圖)〉reflects Yoon's more unique handwriting style compared to the ordinary Haengseo style of〈Donggukyeojijido〉. The letters are small, but the start and end of the brush tip are slightly thicker and the middle is a little thinner. Compared to the maps of Japan created in Joseon before Yoon, Yoon's map reproduced the contour of the Japanese island and imitated the latest map of Japan at that time. 〈Cheonhadaechongillamjido 天下大摠一覽之圖)〉comes in a foldable booklet similar to the two other maps of Yoon in Nogudang. It is a masterpiece of ink painting on the Korean paper. On the back of the map is a seal of ‘Deokpil (德弼),’ so it was suggested that the map may have been created by Yoon. ‘Deokpil’ seems to refer to Yoon's nephew, Deok Pil Yoon (1723~1793). The seal is missing the family name, but it reflects that it has handed down between family members.〈Cheonhadaechongillamjido〉has simplified Mt. Baekdu and does not mark the monument, so it is assumed that the map was created before 1712. The maps of Yoon are valuable not only in the geographical section, but also in the artistic section. Yoon compiled the maps of Joseon created by other artists in the 15th to 17th Centuries to complete 〈Donggukyeojijido〉and influenced the cartographic style of the 18th to 19th Centuries. Also, he copied the latest maps of China and Japan to provide new information. In the history of Joseon's cartography, Doo Seo Yoon was a proud cartographer who established the foundation of cartography for the late Joseon Dynasty.