신후담이 해석한 괘효사의 문헌별 관련성 고찰 - 그의 『周易象辭新編』과 『주역』 관련 독서록을 통하여

Abstract

This article delves into the concepts of ‘Guaju ( 卦主)’ and ‘Yaobian ( applied by Sin Hudam ( 爻變)’ as 愼後聃) to offer a more rational interpretation of the Guaci ( 卦辭, hexagram dictum) and Yaoci ( sangsa sinpyeon ( 爻辭, line dictum) in his book Juyeok 周易象辭新編). The ideas of ‘Guaju’ and ‘Yaobian’ in Sin Hudam’s approach are influenced by his study of texts related to the Zhouyi ( 周易). In his work, Jing Fang ( 京房) interpreted Juyao ( Shiying ( 主爻) using the principle of 世應), but Sin Hudam argued that this was not appropriate since Guaju ( 卦主) remains fixed in his own methodology. In contrast to Wang Bi ( upper and lower Gua ( 王弼), who often regarded the Yao ( 爻) among the 卦) as the Zhongyao ( 中爻), Sin Hudam criticized Wang Bi’s understanding of Zhongyao as flawed. Sin Hudam observed that Zhu Xi ( 朱熹) assumed the task of teaching Zhouyi centered on Xiangshu ( 象數) to balance Xiangshu and Yili ( 義理). He also argued that the Zhouyi is fundamentally a fortune-telling book, substantiating this view with examples from Chunqiuguanzhan ( 春秋官占). Hu Yigui ( 胡一桂), in his writings, faithfully followed Zhu Xi’s approach and elaborated on various interpretative frameworks of the Zhouyi. Hu’s work, especially his method of fortune-telling using Shicao ( 蓍草), provided Sin Hudam with insights into Chunqiuguanzhan. Lai Zhide ( 來知德) contributed significantly to the understanding of Yaobian, organizing the Yaobianbiao ( 爻變表) and emphasizing the importance of Bianxiang ( 變象) in interpreting the Xiaochenggua ( 小成卦). Bianxiang involves applying the imagery (Xiang) derived from Yaobian to the statements in the Zhouyi. In his work Laishiyishuozuanyao ( 來氏易說纂要), Sin Hudam explained how he used Chunqiuguanzhan as a basis for interpreting Yaoci. Sin Hudam’s engagement with these works played a pivotal role in the study of the Zhouyi, serving as a crucial link in the continuation and evolution of the concepts of Guaju and Yaobian.