일본의 보훈정책 연구: 관련법규에 의한 적극적 보훈

Abstract

Policy of reward for meritorious deeds of Japan is 136 years since pension plan targeting the army on Apriland the navy on August, 1875 has been established. After proclaiming defeat of the Second World War officially on August 15, 1945, Japan legislated pacifist constitution on May 3, 1947. Since then, Japan’s sovereignty had been devolved to the US forseven years under the military rule by the US army. By signing San Francisco Peace Treaty on April 28, 1952, Japan became independent country restoring sovereignty. With this historical background, Japan’s policy of reward for meritorious deeds, based on pacifist constitution article nine, is targeting service people and civilians attached to the military including already the disassembled old army, navy, and airforce due to a lack of the general military of a nation. Because Japanese Self Defense Forces is not official military both internally and externally, death, wound, or illnesses of the servicemen are treated by the Government Official’s Act for accident compensation. Business of supporting recipients of Japan after war was divided. The mutual synergy effect of business is extremely high with efficiency of supporting business emphasized. First, payment of pension for servicemen is administered at the Bureau of Pension, Ministry of Government Administration. Active and detailed tasks such as project of commemoration for the deceased and collection of remains of the war dead and support for remained family of soldiers who did not return are controlled at‘Husaengseong’, the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Although awarding medals to contributors for the war was a bolished, policy promotion for a complementary and elaborate relief project is aggressive at the government level to find and support effectively relief recipients who sacrificed for their nation.‘Bohun’refers to rewarding for meritorious deeds for a nation and a society, and people or nation remembering people defending their nation and neighborhoods. In addition, a nation should not hesitate to give enough compensation tangibly or not to people who sacrifice themselves for their nation, not offering an excuse. When the nation is in crisis, an expression of patriotism and a sense ofloyalty for a nation are seriously affected by the degrees of support policy released by a government. Despite a distinct characteristic of Japan after the war, Japan researches passive ‘Pension plan’having pension attribute developing policy of reward for meritorious deeds in a more extensive and intensified various way. Additionally, a policy which is directly connected with supporting relief recipients through aggressive‘aid by relevant regulations is studied.