居庸關 建塔功德記의 팍바 몽골어 刻文 註釋
A study of Mongolian text in hP'ags-pa script of Juyong-Guan
1
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The gates of Jūyōng-Guān(居庸關) is located at 50 kilometers northwest of downtown Beijing situated on the route from the North China Plain to the Mongolian Heights. In the middle of Jūyōng-Guān, there is a ‘Cloud Platform(雲臺)’ with another name of ‘Crossing Street Tower(過街塔)’. It was made of white marble in the Yuan Dynasty with a height of 9.5 meters. In the middle of the base of the platform there is an arched door where men, horses and carriages could pass through. Many animal images were carved in the arched hole and the arched door. On the walls of both sides of the door, the statues of gods and scriptures are carved. And, on the inner wall of the gate, are the remains of characters written in six languages: Chinese, Hsi-Hsia, Uighur, Mongolian, Sanskrit and Tibetan. They were written using Chinese script, His-Hsia script, Uighur script, hP'ags-pa script, Devanagari script and Tibetan script, respectively. They have been engraved around the fourteenth century. The purpose of this work is to investigate the monument in hP'ags-pa script in Mongolian. The script arose in 1269 and existed throughout almost the entire Yuan period of Mongolian history. The contents of this study can be summarized as follows. An edition of the text, with transcription and translation. A commentary, with philological, historical and linguistic notes to the text and translations. Even though quit a few works by various investigators have been devoted to the text, it cannot be regarded as having been satisfactorily studed and have still not been read as they ought to be, and translations of various parts of them are erroneous and inexact. The expression, e.g., ‘t'ariyan t'o･osun’ does not mean ‘crops’ as all investigators have believed. It must be translated ‘cultivated land’ or ‘land under cultivation’
Abstract
The gates of Jūyōng-Guān(居庸關) is located at 50 kilometers northwest of downtown Beijing situated on the route from the North China Plain to the Mongolian Heights. In the middle of Jūyōng-Guān, there is a ‘Cloud Platform(雲臺)’ with another name of ‘Crossing Street Tower(過街塔)’. It was made of white marble in the Yuan Dynasty with a height of 9.5 meters. In the middle of the base of the platform there is an arched door where men, horses and carriages could pass through. Many animal images were carved in the arched hole and the arched door. On the walls of both sides of the door, the statues of gods and scriptures are carved. And, on the inner wall of the gate, are the remains of characters written in six languages: Chinese, Hsi-Hsia, Uighur, Mongolian, Sanskrit and Tibetan. They were written using Chinese script, His-Hsia script, Uighur script, hP'ags-pa script, Devanagari script and Tibetan script, respectively. They have been engraved around the fourteenth century. The purpose of this work is to investigate the monument in hP'ags-pa script in Mongolian. The script arose in 1269 and existed throughout almost the entire Yuan period of Mongolian history. The contents of this study can be summarized as follows. An edition of the text, with transcription and translation. A commentary, with philological, historical and linguistic notes to the text and translations. Even though quit a few works by various investigators have been devoted to the text, it cannot be regarded as having been satisfactorily studed and have still not been read as they ought to be, and translations of various parts of them are erroneous and inexact. The expression, e.g., ‘t'ariyan t'o･osun’ does not mean ‘crops’ as all investigators have believed. It must be translated ‘cultivated land’ or ‘land under cultivation’
참고문헌 (37)
- 荻原雲来, "漢訳対照梵和大辞典" (1986), 講談社
- 田村實造, "五體淸文鑑譯解" (1966), 京都大學文學部
- 照那斯图, "宗敎功德記", 八思巴字和蒙古语文献ㆍⅡ文献汇集, pp.151~179 (1991), 東京外国語大學 ア ジアㆍアフリカ言語文化硏究所
- 中村元, "佛敎語大辭典" (1981), 東京書籍株式會社
- 村田治郞, "居庸関" (1955), 京都大学工学部
- 呼格吉勒图, "｢§ 39 居庸关石刻(东壁)｣, ｢§ 40 居庸关石刻(西壁)｣. 八思巴字蒙 古语文献汇编.", pp.424~452 (2004), 內蒙古教育出版社
- Aalto, Pentti, "Ayaγqa tegimlig in : Festschrift für Nikolaus Poppe zum 60", pp.17~22 (1957), Wiesbaden
- Bonaparte, Prince Roland, "Documents de l'epoque mongole des XIII-e et XIV-e siécles. Inscriptions en six langues de la Kiu-yong Koan, près Pékin ; lettres, stèles et monnaies en écriture ouïgoure et ’Phags-pa dont les originaux ou les estampages existent en France" (1895)
- Čoiǰi, "öbor mongγol-un ard-un keblel-ün qoriy-a" (1984), Qökeqota
- Choima, D., "Buddyn shashin, soyolyn tailbar tol'" (1999), Ulaanbaatar
- Cleaves, Francis Woodman, "The boy and his elephant", Havard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 35, pp.14~59 (1975)
- Cordier, Henri, "Édouard Chavannes", Journal Asiatique, 11, pp.197~248 (1918)
- Damdinsürüng, Č., "Čabciyal buγunta-yin Qaγalγan degerekei bičig in : Mongγol uran ǰokiyal-un degeǰi ǰaγun bilig orusbai", Corpus Scriptorum Mongolorum Instituti Linguae et Litterarum Comiteti Scientiarum et Educationis Altae Reipublicae Populi Mongoli, 14, pp.159~160 (1959), bügüd nairamdaqu mongγol ulus-un sinǰileküi uqaγan ba degedü bolbasural-un küriyeleng
- Edgerton, Franklin, "Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary" (1998), Motilal Banarsidass
- Gabain, Annemarie von, "Alttürkische Grammatik" (1950), Otto Harrassowitz
- Haenisch, Erich, "Wörterbuch zu Mangḥol un niuca tobca'an(Yüan-ch'ao pishi) Geheimen Geschichte der Mongolen" (1962), Franz Steiner Verlag
- Hauer, Erich, "Handwörterbuch der Mandschusprache, 滿獨辭典. Liferung 1-3" (1952), Kommissionsverlag OTTO HARRASSOWITZ
- Huth, George, "Les Inscriptions mongoles.” (Quartrième partie), “Note préliminaire sur l’nscriptions de Kiu-yong-Koan", Journal Asiatique, 9(5), pp.351~360 (1895)
- Jäschke, H. Ä., "Tibetan-English Dictionary" (1968), Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD
- Kowalewski, J. É., "Dictionnaire Mongol-Russe-Français" (1964), Paragon book reprint corp
- Lessing, Ferdindand, "Mongolian-English Dictionary" (1982), The Mongolia Society
- Lévi, Sylvain, "Les Inscriptions tibétaines.” (Deuxième partie), Note préliminaire sur l’nscriptions de Kiu-yong Koan", Journal Asiatique, 9, pp.360~546 (1894)
- Lewicki, Marian, "Les inscriptions mongoles inédites en écriture carée", Collectanea Orientalia, 12, pp.1~72 (1937)
- Ligeti, Louis, "Inscriptions de Kiu-Yong-Kouan: Parois est et Ouest 1345 in : Monuments en Écriture 'Phags-pa Pièces de Chancellerie en Transcription Chinoise", pp.83~98 (1972), Akadémiai Kiadó
- Ligeti, Louis, "Le Mérite d’ériger un stūpa et l’histoire de l’éléphant d’or", Proceeding of the Csoma de Körös memorial symposium, pp.223~284 (1978), Akadémiai Kiadó
- Monier-Williams, Monier, "A Sanskrit-English Dictionary" (1986), Oxford at the Clarendon press
- Mostaert, Antoine, "Le Matériel Mongol Houa I I Iu 華夷譯語 de Houng-Ou" (1977), Institut Belge des Hautes Études Chinoises
- Poppe, Nicholas, "Turkic loan words in Middle Mongolian", Central Asiatic Journal, 1, pp.36~42 (1955)
- Poppe, Nicholas, "The Mongolian monuments in ḥPʽags-Pa script" (1957), Otto Harrassowitz
- Poppe, Nicholas, "Introduction to Mongolian Comparative Studies" (1987), Suomalais-Ugurilainen Seura Helsinki
- Röhrborn, Klaus, "Die alttürkische Inschrift am Tor-Stūpa von Chü-yung-kuan", Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 130, pp.304~339 (1980)
- Röhrborn, Klaus, "Uigurisches Wörterbuch Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen Türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien" (1988), Γ ranz Steiner Verlag GMBH
- Sárközi, Alice, "A Buddhist Terminological Dictionary the Mongolian Mahāvyutpatti" (1995), Harrassowitz Verlag
- Šastina, N. P., "Lubsan Danzan ALTAN TOBCHI (zolotoe skazanie)" (1974), Akademie Verlag Berlin
- Tezcan, Semih, "Das uigurische Insadi-Sūtra. Berliner Turfantexte III" (1974), Akademie Verlag Berlin
- Tömörtogoo, D., "“39 Tsavchaal boomtyn xaalgany baga bichees.”, “40 Tsavchaal boomtyn xaalgany baga bichees.", Mongol Dörbölzhin üsegiin dursxalyn sudalgaa, pp.59~63 (2002), Ulaanbaatar
- Zhanchiv, Yо, "“XXXVIII Tsavchaal boomtyn züün xanany bichees.”, “XXXIX Tsavchaal boomtyn baruun xanany bichees.”, “tsavchaalboomtyn bichees(1345).”", Dörbölzhin üsgiin mongol dursxal, 2002, pp.112~128, Ulaanbaatar