단기간 지구성운동시 해당효소 발현억제가 흰쥐의 골격근 내 탄수화물 절약효과를 유도한다
Decreased expression of key glycolytic enzymes are responsible for glycogen sparing adaptation in short-term endurance trained rat skeletal muscles
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장기간의 지구성 트레이닝에 적응된 골격근은 동일한 강도의 운동 시 글리코겐이 적게 사용된다는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 그러나 단기간 지구성운동에 의해 실제로 골격근 내 탄수화물 절약효과와 같은 에너지 대사적응이 어떻게 이루어지는가는 확실치 않다. 이에 본 연구는 단기간 지구성운동 후 상완삼두근에 강직성 경련수축을 가하여 단기간 지구성운동 시 골격근 내 탄수화물 절약효과가 실제로 일어나는가를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 48마리의 흰쥐를 각각 16마리씩 3그룹(Sed, 1day Ex, 3day Ex)으로 분류한 다음 하루 6시간의 수영을 실시하였다. 그런 후 골격근은 마지막 지구성운동 18시간 후 상완삼두근에 radial nerve를 통해 3분간의 전기 자극을 주지 않거나 혹은 가한 직후 바로 적출하였다. 골격근 수축자극 동안 글리코겐의 사용은 비운동그룹과 비교하여 1day Ex 그룹은 22 %, 3day Ex 그룹은 46 % 절약효과가 있었다. 젖산 또한 1day와 3day Ex 그룹은 Sed 그룹에 비해 각각 26 %와 46 % 적게 생산되었다. ATP는 지구성운동과 강직성 수축에 따른 차이가 없었으며, CP의 경우 단기간 지구성운동에 의해 유의하게 감소하였으나, 그 감소 정도는 모든 그룹 간 차이가 없었다. 그리고 해당효소인 glycogen phosphorylase와 PFK는 단기간 지구성운동 후 비운동그룹에 비해 유의하게 감소하였으며, 이러한 감소 경향은 글리코겐과 젖산농도와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 지구성운동 초기의 골격근 적응은 해당효소의 조절에 의해 탄수화물 절약효과가 나타남을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
It is well established that chronic endurance trained muscles utilize less glycogen during same absolute intensity exercise. However, it has not been studied if short term endurance exercise can induce same glycogen sparing adaptation. To answer this question, triceps of short-term endurance trained animal were electrically stimulated in situ to determine if this short exercise protocols were enough to cause glycogen saving adaptation. Forty-eight rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups(Sedentary, Sed; 1 day exercise, 1day Ex; 3 day exercise, 3day Ex). Exercise groups were trained by a 6h long swimming program. Muscle samples were harvested 18h post last bout of training either with or without 3-min long, electrical stimulation through radial nerve of upper arm. Glycogen utilization during stimulation was significantly less in the muscles of 1day Ex(22 %) and 3day Ex(46 %) group compare to the Sed group. The lactate production in the muscle of 1day Ex(26 %) and 3day Ex(46 %) group were significantly attenuated. There were no difference in ATP utilization among groups by electrical stimulation. The CP was decreased in all groups, but rate of decline among groups were same. The expressions of glycogen phosphorylase and PFK in glycolytic enzymes in triceps were significantly decreased in the 1day Ex and 3day Ex group when compare to the Sed group. There is a positive relationship between glycolytic enzymes and glycogen utilization capacity of skeletal muscles. These results indicate that glycogen saving effect is controlled by reduced glycolytic enzymes expression during early phase of skeletal muscle adaptation by endurance exercise training.
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