중화민국 시기 주조선(駐朝鮮) 청진영사관 개관을 둘러싼 중·일(中日) 간의 교섭

Abstract

This paper examines the process of establishing the Chinese Consulate in Cheongjin and also that of negotiations between China and Japan. The Consulate of Republic of China in Chongjin has jurisdiction over Hamgyeongbukdo as a northern part of the Colonial Joseon was opened in June 1930. However, since Japan did not officially recognize it, long-term negotiations continued over the approval of the consulate in the two countries. The results of this study are in the followings. Firstly, in terms of organizational changes in the Chinese consulates in Colonial Joseon, It was associated with the abolition of that in Incheon. However, based on the military opinion of the Colonial Joseon, Japan opposed the establishment of that, and proposed the opening of the three Japanese consulates in Maoershan, Taonan and Zhengzhou as a exchange condition. Secondly, in the process of setting up the overseas consulates of China, It was associated with the opening of the consulate in Taiwan. The Beiyang Government negotiated with Japan to set up that in Taiwan, but the negotiation was failed. The Nanjing Nationalist government asserted the opening of that in Taibei, Tainan and Chongjin in response to Japan’s claiming of establishing the three consulates mentioned above. Finally, in late 1930, the issue of Taiwan was resolved as a result of negotiations that China agreed to opening of Japanese consulate in Zhengzhou. Thirdly, the establishment of Manchukuo influenced negotiations between China and Japan over the approval of that. It was unnecessary for a Japanese consulate to establish because Maoershan and Taonan were included in the territory of Manchukuo. Japan delayed the approval of that, demanding Japanese consulate in Haizhou as another exchange condition. Japan did not allow Manchukuo to open a consulate in Chongjin. If the request is permitted, it would be impossible to refuse to open a consulate in a third country. Since 1935, Sino-Japanese relations have been gradually recovering, but Japan has still refused approval of that, because of the opposition of the Joseon military. The issue of Chungjin arguing over six years was solved not by diplomatic negotiations between the two countries but by the power of the Joseon military.