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Intestinal organoids as advanced modeling platforms to study the role of host-microbiome interaction in homeostasis and disease

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초록

After birth, animals are colonized by a diverse community ofmicroorganisms. The digestive tract is known to contain thelargest number of microbiome in the body. With emergence ofthe gut-brain axis, the importance of gut microbiome and itsmetabolites in host health has been extensively studied in recentyears. The establishment of organoid culture systems hascontributed to studying intestinal pathophysiology by replacingcurrent limited models. Owing to their architectural and functionalcomplexity similar to a real organ, co-culture of intestinalorganoids with gut microbiome can provide mechanistic insightsinto the detrimental role of pathobiont and the homeostaticfunction of commensal symbiont. Here organoid-based bacterialco-culture techniques for modeling host-microbe interactionsare reviewed. This review also summarizes representative studiesthat explore impact of enteric microorganisms on intestinal organoidsto provide a better understanding of host-microbe interactionin the context of homeostasis and disease.

Abstract

After birth, animals are colonized by a diverse community ofmicroorganisms. The digestive tract is known to contain thelargest number of microbiome in the body. With emergence ofthe gut-brain axis, the importance of gut microbiome and itsmetabolites in host health has been extensively studied in recentyears. The establishment of organoid culture systems hascontributed to studying intestinal pathophysiology by replacingcurrent limited models. Owing to their architectural and functionalcomplexity similar to a real organ, co-culture of intestinalorganoids with gut microbiome can provide mechanistic insightsinto the detrimental role of pathobiont and the homeostaticfunction of commensal symbiont. Here organoid-based bacterialco-culture techniques for modeling host-microbe interactionsare reviewed. This review also summarizes representative studiesthat explore impact of enteric microorganisms on intestinal organoidsto provide a better understanding of host-microbe interactionin the context of homeostasis and disease.

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