淸 康熙帝의 皇太子 결정과 그 位相
The Role and Status of Crown Prince Yinreng in the Qing Empire
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Kangxi Emperor's reign was a turning point in the history of the Qing Empire. In other words, Kangxi emperor built the foundation for political stability. This paper is an attempt to understand why Kangxi emperor chose Yinreng as a crown prince in 1675, and to explore the role and status of Crown prince Yinreng in the Qing empire. This paper is based on the palace Memorials which was addressed to the emperor from Yinreng in Beijing. Some scholars have argued that the Kangxi emperor accepted a Han Chinese custom, which appointed the eldest son of the Empress as the crown prince, to ensure stability during a time of chaos in the south. They also said the Manchus did not have this tradition. However, one scholar analyzed that the Manchus also selected leaders on the basis of birth order or the status of the birth mother. From this point, I aim to explain the Kangxi emperor’s attempt to keep the empire stable, through deciding Yinreng as the heir apparent. This issue was related to Kangxi's personal memory. He succeeded the imperial throne at the age of 8 on 1661. Kangxi was not able to rule in his minority, however even with the formal authority of office, the young emperor knew that it difficult to control the growing power of the Four Regents. For this reason, Kangxi emperor decided Yinreng as a crown prince in 1675, and he want to educate and train his son as the heir apparent. All imperial princes lived in Beijing and required the Emperor’s consent to travel from the capital. The Emperor controlled virtually every aspect of their lives. In the years 1696 and 1697, when the Kangxi emperor himself as commander in chief on a campaign against the Zungars, Yinreng participated in administrative affairs in Beijing. Some scholars have argued that Yinreng was made regent to look over affairs when Kangxi emperor was on campaign against Galdan. However, Yinreng just participated in administrative affairs, he did not has the right to make the final decision, the power of decision resides in the emperor. The prince did not share his father’s power. So I could explain the crown prince Yinreng was merely ‘an information messenger’.
Abstract
Kangxi Emperor's reign was a turning point in the history of the Qing Empire. In other words, Kangxi emperor built the foundation for political stability. This paper is an attempt to understand why Kangxi emperor chose Yinreng as a crown prince in 1675, and to explore the role and status of Crown prince Yinreng in the Qing empire. This paper is based on the palace Memorials which was addressed to the emperor from Yinreng in Beijing. Some scholars have argued that the Kangxi emperor accepted a Han Chinese custom, which appointed the eldest son of the Empress as the crown prince, to ensure stability during a time of chaos in the south. They also said the Manchus did not have this tradition. However, one scholar analyzed that the Manchus also selected leaders on the basis of birth order or the status of the birth mother. From this point, I aim to explain the Kangxi emperor’s attempt to keep the empire stable, through deciding Yinreng as the heir apparent. This issue was related to Kangxi's personal memory. He succeeded the imperial throne at the age of 8 on 1661. Kangxi was not able to rule in his minority, however even with the formal authority of office, the young emperor knew that it difficult to control the growing power of the Four Regents. For this reason, Kangxi emperor decided Yinreng as a crown prince in 1675, and he want to educate and train his son as the heir apparent. All imperial princes lived in Beijing and required the Emperor’s consent to travel from the capital. The Emperor controlled virtually every aspect of their lives. In the years 1696 and 1697, when the Kangxi emperor himself as commander in chief on a campaign against the Zungars, Yinreng participated in administrative affairs in Beijing. Some scholars have argued that Yinreng was made regent to look over affairs when Kangxi emperor was on campaign against Galdan. However, Yinreng just participated in administrative affairs, he did not has the right to make the final decision, the power of decision resides in the emperor. The prince did not share his father’s power. So I could explain the crown prince Yinreng was merely ‘an information messenger’.
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